1. Databases with PHP A quick introduction

2. Y’all know SQL and Databases  You put data in  You get data out  You can do processing on it very easily  LIMIT, ORDER, WHERE, GROUP BY  It has a nice Structured Query Language  You’ve learned all of this before You’ve done PostgreSQL  MySQL doesn’t differ in SQL syntax  Slight differences when creating new users and selecting active databases

3. What is this lecture then?  How to convert your existing SQL knowledge into PHP  How to use that to make something interesting

4. Here’s stuff I prepared earlier  There is some PHP/HTML relating to the visual parts of the page. I will not cover that, unless there is time at the end  There is some CSS, again I’ll leave that to the end  The PHP relating to the logic is in a separate file, I will show you how to create that. Roadmap  Make a database  When people type into the box and hit enter we need to  Connect to the database  Insert the data into the table  When people view the page we need to  Connect to the database  Grab the last 25 comments, ordered by the time they are posted

5. How to create the database root@core:~# date Wed Mar 16 13:58:58 UTC 2011 root@core:~# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 45 Server version: 5.1.41-3ubuntu12 (Ubuntu) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database gw; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use gw; Database changed mysql> create table comments (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, time TIMESTAMP, val TEXT (255)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> grant all on gw.* to 'gw'@'localhost' identified by 'somepassword'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) mysql> quit; Bye root@core:~# date Wed Mar 16 13:59:34 UTC 2011 Delivery in 39 seconds or its free

6. Connect to the database from PHP  When we execute queries later, PHP needs to know where the database server is and how to log into it  If you only have one database connection (normal) you can forget about the returned connection handle  resource mysql_connect(“servername”,”username”,”password”);  This makes PHP remember that mysql calls must go through that connection  Automatically flushed and closed cleanly Select the correct database  You are now connected to the database server but not yet to your actual database  Need to choose the database (like “use gw;” when creating the database)  bool mysql_select_db(“databasename”);  Returns true on success, false otherwise

7. Execute arbitrary SQL  You know how to do everything else in SQL, reuse that knowledge!  resource mysql_query(“SQL query string”);  The returned value might be a boolean  If an error then false, if success but not a fetching type of query then true  Or it might be a handle to the result set  Which could be empty  You can then fetch individual rows  array mysql_fetch_assoc($myResultSet);  mysql_fetch_assoc will return false if there are no more rows  while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($resultSet)) { //Per row code }  The ‘assoc’ part is for ‘associative array’. You access a column by its name like $row[“columnA”]

8. That’s all we need Any questions on SQL syntax? You should know how to do the following:  SELECT rows from a table WHERE they meet certain criteria  ORDER the returned rows  LIMIT the number of rows returned  GROUP BY is cool, but you probably won’t really need it for the project Are we missing anything?

9. YES! SECURITY  Barry and other people like him will have his way with your ponies if you are not careful  w3schools puts up a really insecure example in their tutorial, NEVER EVER DO THIS:

10. Yeah but all that protection stuff kills the mood  Not so, its quick and easy. You have one function which will magically create a locale specific super ultra protection filter and run it on your input:  $input = “Barry says \”;DROP DATABASE ponies;--”; $safe = mysql_real_escape_string($input);  It doesn’t even matter if your database server is CHINESE, it will connect to it and ask it which characters are dangerous  This is why its called _real_ (it doesn’t play around)  Always use it! Keep it in your wallet  Don’t use the old mysql_escape_string(); it has expired and will break when you need it most

11. OK, so back to the chat thing… index.php

12. And the part that talks to MySQL logic.php

13. Tada!  Head over to ten.xd-bx.net and abuse it  Did you know you can embed HTML and JavaScript into your post? You could actually do some pretty cool/nasty things  The annoying refresh every 30 seconds can only be fixed with a splash of AJAX, someone else is lecturing that