3. What Is It? An essay question that requires you to interpret primary source documents.An essay question that requires you to interpret primary source documents. Documents might include the following:Documents might include the following: Newspaper articles/editorials Letters/diaries Speeches Legislation Political cartoons Charts and graphs

4. What Are the Documents for? To discuss events and ideas with which you are familiar.To discuss events and ideas with which you are familiar. To support or refute the essay questionsTo support or refute the essay questions Focus around the essay topicFocus around the essay topic

5. When Do I Take the DBQ? After the multiple-choice sectionAfter the multiple-choice section You get a green booklet with the essay questions and DBQYou get a green booklet with the essay questions and DBQ Begins with a 15 minute mandatory reading periodBegins with a 15 minute mandatory reading period –Evaluate and interpret the documents

6. Is There a Right Answer to Each DBQ? YesYes –Multiple arguments Develop your argument (thesis) with evidence (include outside information)Develop your argument (thesis) with evidence (include outside information) Use a strong historical argumentUse a strong historical argument

7. I Have the Question, Now What Do I Do? Getting Started Read the question thoroughlyRead the question thoroughly Explore all parts of the question (how many parts)Explore all parts of the question (how many parts) Underline important aspectsUnderline important aspects Ask these two questionsAsk these two questions –Do I have an opinion about this subject? –What must I discuss in order to write a successful essay? (most important)

8. Getting Started Cont. Your essay will follow the standard writing formulaYour essay will follow the standard writing formula –Thesis or introductory paragraph Opening sentenceOpening sentence Rephrase questionRephrase question Your opinionYour opinion Introduce your argumentsIntroduce your arguments –Body At least 3 full length paragraphsAt least 3 full length paragraphs Minimum of 2 documents to backup your argumentMinimum of 2 documents to backup your argument The more you use, the better your essay if they are used correctlyThe more you use, the better your essay if they are used correctly –Conclusion

9. Getting Started Cont. Gather informationGather information Address issuesAddress issues Decide on dataDecide on data Organize plan of attackOrganize plan of attack

10. Gather Outside Information Jot down terms, ideas, and/or conceptsJot down terms, ideas, and/or concepts 2 or 3 minutes2 or 3 minutes Decide what you can and cannot useDecide what you can and cannot use Insert into cluster/outlineInsert into cluster/outline

11. Reading the Documents Use the AP-PARTS to help you understand the documents A = Author P = Place and Time P = Prior Knowledge A = Audience R = Reason T = The Main Idea S = Significance

12. Reading the Documents Document Order Chronological - if the test is asking you trace the historical development.Chronological - if the test is asking you trace the historical development. Otherwise – organized for compare and contrast (draw comparisons in your essay).Otherwise – organized for compare and contrast (draw comparisons in your essay).

13. Reading the Documents Inconsistencies Not all documents agreeNot all documents agree Present different view pointsPresent different view points Recognize inconsistenciesRecognize inconsistencies –APPARTS help you identify the source and differing opinions of the same event or data

14. Reading the Documents Once you decided on your thesis: (documents) 1.Supporting evidence 2.Contradicting evidence - incorporate and acknowledge these 3.Why was that document included? 4.Add more outside info (???)

15. Thesis Development Read question one more timeRead question one more time Develop an argument you can proveDevelop an argument you can prove Make sure your thesis addresses all pertinent aspects of the questionMake sure your thesis addresses all pertinent aspects of the question

16. Write Your Essay Get to the pointGet to the point Back thesis up with facts, solid evidence not fluffBack thesis up with facts, solid evidence not fluff –opening statement with your opinion, restate the question and 3 arguments Use ½ plus 1 of the documentsUse ½ plus 1 of the documents Make sure you are addressing the questionMake sure you are addressing the question Refer back to the question several timesRefer back to the question several times be sure you cite each document usedbe sure you cite each document used Don’t quote document- ---summarize or main ideaDon’t quote document- ---summarize or main idea list documents when you use them… (Doc A) (Doc 7)list documents when you use them… (Doc A) (Doc 7)

17. The Last Word Stay confidentStay confident Don’t panicDon’t panic Take a deep breath to relaxTake a deep breath to relax You are going to learn how to write theseYou are going to learn how to write these You prepare all year for the testYou prepare all year for the test Everyone else is in the same boat as youEveryone else is in the same boat as you

19. The “Top Bun” of your essay! 4-6 sentences

20. 1.Establish TIME & PLACE. 2.Create a clear, THESIS STATEMENT. [underline or highlight it!] 3.Allude to the SUB-TOPICS or categories you will discuss to support your thesis statement 4.Focus on the question at hand—do NOT begin with a “flowery” sentence! No “laundry list!”

21. The “tasty” part of your essay! 8-12 sentences+ per paragraph

22. 1.Identify your sub-topic or category in the first sentence. 2.Include the documents that are relevant to support the ideas in the paragraph. 3.Use most of the documents given [70%]. 4.Be sure to indicate Point-of-View (POV)/bias. 5.Bring in supportive outside information [o.i.]. This is critical!! 6.Why were these documents selected? 1.Identify your sub-topic or category in the first sentence. 2.Include the documents that are relevant to support the ideas in the paragraph. 3.Use most of the documents given [70%]. 4.Be sure to indicate Point-of-View (POV)/bias. 5.Bring in supportive outside information [o.i.]. This is critical!! 6.Why were these documents selected?

23. 1.Attribution  Who is this person? 2.Why might they be significant? 3.What is the point of view (POV) of the author? 4.How reliable and accurate is the source? 5.What is the tone or intent of the document author? 6.What other information does this document call to mind? Use all available clues. 1.Attribution  Who is this person? 2.Why might they be significant? 3.What is the point of view (POV) of the author? 4.How reliable and accurate is the source? 5.What is the tone or intent of the document author? 6.What other information does this document call to mind? Use all available clues. Remember, docs. can be used in a variety of ways!

24. The “Bottom Bun” of your essay! It holds it all together! 3-4 sentences

25. 1.Start with a “concluding phrase.” 2.Restate your thesis statement a bit differently. 3.Put your essay answer in a larger historical perspective. End of some trend/movement/idea, etc. Beginning of some trend/movement/idea, etc. End of one & beginning of another. Do NOT end on the note that this is the reason we are where we are today!

28. 1.Attribution: cite the author by name, title, or position, if possible. 1.Attribution: cite the author by name, title, or position, if possible. Why is this person and document selected? How does it help me answer the question? Why is this person and document selected? How does it help me answer the question?

29. EXAMPLES: John Tyler, an English writer, said: “...” A Dominican monk in Florence described…. John Tyler, an English writer, said: “...” A Dominican monk in Florence described….

30. 2.Authorial Point of View: you show awareness that the gender, occupation, class, religion, nationality, political position or ethnic identity of the author could influence his/her views. How does this apply to the question? Why has the author written what he/she has? How does this apply to the question? Why has the author written what he/she has?

31. EXAMPLE: Balthasar Rusow, a Lutheran pastor, was naturally upset by the celebration of a Saint’s Day, since Lutherans don’t venerate saints.

32. 3.Reliability and accuracy of each source referenced: you examine a source for its reliability and accuracy by questioning if the author of the document would be in a position to be accurate. How might this help you answer the question?

33. EXAMPLE: Niccolo Machiavelli’s book on the political tactics of a Renaissance prince was probably accurate as he observed the behavior of the prince, Cesare Borgia, for many years.

34. 4.Tone or Intent of the Author: you examine the text of a document to determine its tone (satire, irony, indirect commentary, etc.) or the intent of the author. Especially useful for visual documents, like art work or political cartoons.

35. EXAMPLE: In his great sculpture of “David,” Michelangelo wanted to convey the confidence, and even arrogance, of Renaissance Florence at the peak of its cultural influence in 16 Europe.

36. 5.Grouping of Docs. by Author: you show an awareness that certain types of authors, simply by their authorship, will express similar views when you group documents by type of author.

37. EXAMPLE: As Northern Renaissance humanists, Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, and Cervantes all poked fun at the foibles and scandals of late medieval society as well as of their own.

38. 1.Baldassare Castiglione, in The Handbook of the Courtier, said: “………………….” 2.Erasmus of Rotterdam, a northern Christian humanist, agreed with… 3.The 19c historian, Jacob Burkhardt, felt that …………………. (Doc. 9) NEVER begin with: In Document 3, …..

39. Write out your introductory paragraph in full, underlining your thesis statement. ¶ 1  sub-topic title  Information from a document (Doc-B)  Information from another document (Doc-E)  Some outside information (OI)  Different info. from the same document (Doc-E) ¶ 2  sub-topic title  Information from a document (Doc-A)  Some outside information (OI)  Some outside information (OI)  Information from another document (Doc-H)

40. ¶3  sub-topic title  Information from a document (Doc-C)  Information from another document (Doc-D)  Some outside information (OI)  Information from another document (Doc-F)  New information from the same document (Doc-F)  Some outside information (OI)  Some outside information (OI) Write out your concluding paragraph in full.