2. ENDANGERED SPECIES ENDANGERED SPECIES- A SMALL NUMBER OF SPECIES PRESENT, AT RISK OF EXTINCTION Most Common Reasons for Endangerment: 1. Habitat Loss 2. Environmental Contamination 3. Competition 4. Overspecialization 5. Commercial Use and Abuse * To prevent endangerment, you can protect your habitat. Less conservation and exploitation will assure the lives of endangered species!*

3. Animal  Delmarva Fox Squirrel  Puma  Coastal Plain Leopard Frog Why Endangered?Picture There habitats are being destroyed with expansions of suburbs Commercial use and abuse because they are hunted for their fur (made for clothing and other items) Industrial activity has taken over the breeding sites- habitat loss

4. Plant  Bulrush  Bugleweed Why Endangered?Picture Habitat destruction Exotic species crowd it from its native habitat

5. Invasive Species  Native Species- species that is born in the area they live in  Introduced Species- species that does not occur naturally in a given area, they are introduced to it  Invasive Species- non-native species, disrupting and replacing native species

6. United States plants animals hitch hiking on other species Hidden in wood packing materials Hidden aboard ships 5 Most Common Ways Invasive Species Get Into Our Country

7. …..negative effects….  When invasive species are introduced into an ecosystem where they didn’t originate, there populations may increase…drastically!  The new invasive species could displace the native species.  They could cause extinction of native species!  All the invasive species will set an imbalance in the communities!

8. Animal Carrier Pigeon Grass Carp Asian Lady Beetle Plant Norway Maple Grassy Rush Scientific Name Columbia livia Enopharyngodon idella Harmonia axyridis Natural Enviroment Niche Problems Caused Europe ( natural)- lives by farmland, buildings (introduced)- provides food Damage buildings, monuments, transmit diseases Asia (natural)- compete with fish, removes aquatic weeds (introduced)- food fish Carry pesticides, induce harmful effects in waters, eliminates vegetation Eurasia (natural)- biological center of various aphid species (introduced)- pest of fruit production Decreased diversity, human nuisance pest Acer platanoidesEurope (natural)- releases toxins and alters the composition (introduced)- commonly planted as ornamental along streets and in parks Shades out native species and the shallow rooot system prevents native species from establishing Butomus umbellatus Tall, found on shores of lakes, ponds, riverbanks, displaces native vegetation (natural)- spreads by gardening, planting (introduced)- muskrats use to local spread over populates species Overpopulates, causes boat traffic

9. REINTRODUCED SPECIES- DELIBERATE RELEASE OF A SPECIES INTO THE WILD IN ZONES FOR MERELY INHABITED BY SAID SPECIES BUT WHERE IT HAS BEEN DISAPPEARED FROM, FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS EXTIRPATED SPECIES- A SPECIES THAT NO LONGER EXISTS IN THE WILD IN A CERTAIN COUNTRY OR AREA BUT CAN BE FOUND ELSE WHERE IN THE WORLD Reintroduced/Extirpated Species

10. THE PENNSYLVANIA ELK WAS INTRODUCED TO PA DURING 1913 AND 1926. THE GAME COMMISSION TOOK AROUND 177 ELK FROM SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING. The Pennsylvania Elk

11. Endangered species [www.thefreedictionary.com/endangered+species] Here Today- Gone Tomorrow [www.wildlife.state.hh.us/kids/wildtimesissues/wildtimes/issues_2pdf] Things you can do to Protect Wildlife [animals.com/od/wildlifeconservatioin/tp/helping-endangered_species. Htm] Endangered Species Report # 27 Demarva Foox Squirrel [www.wildlifewatchers.org/esReports27.html] Puma [www.wikianswers.com/Q/Why_is_the_Puma_endangered] Coastal Plain Leopard Frog [wwww.naturalheritage.state.pq.us/factsheets/10862.pdf] North Eastern Bulrush[www.fws.gov/northeast/pdf/bulrush.pde] Endangered Plants of PA [www.ehow.com/list_7322700-endangered-plants- pennsylvania.html] bidog-online.org Invasive Species [www.fws.gov/invasive/faq.html#93] Global Invasive Species Database [www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/search] Pennsylvania Elk [www.mnne.com/biosci/pae/es-map/articles/article-66.mhtml] Sources: