2. Colonial Issues / British Actions Mercantilism French and Indian War Parliamentary Sovereignty Natural Rights Navigation Laws Proclamation of 1763 Stamp Act/Sugar Townshend Acts Obedience

3. An Objective View of Mercantilism No burden to colonists Colonists profited greatly Guaranteed military protection from England Opportunity for self- government Rights as Englishmen Economic initiative stifled English preference for Southern colonies English gouged tobacco farmers Debasing to Americans

5. Mercantilism

6. British Colonial Trade Regulations During the reign of James II, economic restrictions were imposed on the colonists to foster economic dependence. Navigation Act (1651): –All crews to be 1/2 English in nationality –Most goods must be carried on English ships. Navigation Act (1660): –Required all colonial trade to be on English ships –Master and 3/4 of crew must be English –List of "enumerated goods" developed that could only be shipped to England or an English colony Navigation Act (1663): –Required goods bound for the colonies from Africa, Asia, or Europe to first be landed in England before shipping to America. The Triangular Trade Route

7. The Dominion of New England, 1688 English colonists exercised a considerable degree of political autonomy. Most political structures allowed free white men with property an active voice in local affairs. In 1685, James II began to replace the diverse colonial governments with royal proprietorships. The King wanted to assert more control over the independent assemblies and enforce economic restrictions. James II

8. The Dominion of New England, 1688 In 1686, the colonial charters of New England, New York, and New Jersey were revoked and the region was politically consolidated as the Dominion of New England. The colonists were deprived of their ability to govern themselves, levy taxes, and control religious expression. The colonists were subject to the autocratic rule of Sir Edmund Andros for two years. Sir Edmund Andros

9. The Glorious Revolution in America, 1689 In 1688, leading English members of Parliament opposed James II for trying to reestablish absolute monarchy and promote Catholicism. They arranged for William of Orange to invade England and restore their liberties. King James fled England. This bloodless coup transformed England into a constitutional monarchy. William of Orange and his wife Mary became joint rulers after accepting the English Bill of Rights.

10. The Glorious Revolution in America, 1689 Following the Glorious Revolution, Sir Edmund Andros was deposed as ruler of the Dominion of New England. Massachusetts and Plymouth were combined in 1691 as the royal colony of Massachusetts Bay. The other New England colonies reverted their previous forms of government.

11. The English Bill of Rights, 1689 The English Bill of Rights assured the English people of certain basic civil rights and became influential in the American colonies as well. Most of the colonies were now more directly controlled by the crown, the assemblies followed the example of the British Parliament and maintained their right to vote on taxes and initiate legislation. Later, the states and the federal government would eventually adopt their own bills of rights

12. The Policy of Salutary Neglect “Salutary neglect” was the unwritten, unofficial stance of benign neglect by England toward the American colonies.

14. Real Whigs Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? Absolute? OR Limited? Q-> How could the colonies give or withhold consent for parliamentary legislation when they did not have representation in that body?? Theories of Representation Republicanism –stability and authority of government depended on virtue of citizenry.

15. 1. Sugar Act - 1764 3. Stamp Act - 1765 2. Quartering Act - 1765 George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765

16. Loyal Nine - 1765 Sons of Liberty – began in NYC: Samuel Adams Stamp Act Congress – 1765 * Stamp Act Resolves Declaratory Act – 1766 Stamp Act Crisis

17. Tar and Feathering

18. Effects of colonial unity Stamp sellers resigned British merchants, manufacturers & shippers hurt financially Unemployment rose in England Demands from English to repeal Stamp Act 1766 Stamp Act Repealed Colonists force London to back down through boycotts and mob action!

19. 1767  William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. A He diverted revenue collection from internal to external trade. A Tax these imports  paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. A Increase custom officials at American ports  established a Board of Customs in Boston. Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770

20. 1. John Dickinson  1768 * Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. 2. 1768  2 nd non-importation movement: * “Daughters of Liberty” * spinning bees 3. Riots against customs agents: * John Hancock’s ship, the Liberty. * 4000 British troops sent to Boston. Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties

22. The Boston Massacre ( March 5,1770 ) http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/battles/paul-revere- boston-massacre.jpg

23. Committees of Correspondence Purpose  warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br.  broaden the resistance movement.

24. Tea Act (1773) 8 British East India Co.:  Monopoly on Br. tea imports.  Many members of Parl. held shares.  Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to cols. without col. middlemen (cheaper tea!) 8 North expected the cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.

25. Boston Tea Party (1773)

26. Boston Tea Party 1773

27. The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1/1774) Lord North 1. Port Bill 2. The Massachusetts Government Act 4. Administration of Justice Act 3. New Quartering Act

28. The Intolerable Acts

29. First Continental Congress (9/1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies Agenda  How to respond to the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act? 1 vote per colony represented.

30. The British Are Coming... Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

31. The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775

32. Lexington and Concord

33. The Second Continental Congress (May 1775) Olive Branch Petition

35. April, 1775 – July, 1776 A War of Inconsistencies …affirming loyalty to George III …raising armies against his soldiers …voicing desire to resolve differences …printing propaganda against the king …praying for the king’s health …willing to die for their rights

36. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

37. Declaration of Independence (1776)

38. Independence Hall

39. 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1770 12/16/73 1774 1775 7/4/1776 Treaty of Paris Sugar Tax Quar. Act Stamp Act Admiralty Ct. Stamp Act Cong. Non-Imp. Act S/D of Lib Stamp Act Rep Dec. Act Townshend Act N.Y Asse. Susp Tr Boston. Boston Massacre T. A. Rep Boston Tea Party 1 st.C.C L & C 2 nd C.C. Bunker Hill Olive Br. Petition Dec. of Ind.