1. Main slide Black Pepper fruits. Names, description and origin.
Constituents.
Uses.
Other Black Pepper fruits
Names and constituents.
Khella fruits.
Names and description.
Origin and constituents.
Medical uses.

2. Black Pepper
Family : Piperaceae
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7. Piper nigrum
Family : Piperaceae
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8. Piper nigrum
Family : Piperaceae
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9. Piper nigrum; Family : Piperaceae
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10. Black Pepper fruits Piper nigrum Family : Piperaceae
Perennial climbing vines .
The fruits are globular in shape with characteristic (wrinkled) coat .
The fruits color changed during drying from green or red then to dark brown or black .
Odor :characteristic & spicy (irritant for mucous membranes).
Taste : pungent , spicy (characteristic).
Origin: India
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11. Chemical constituents
A- Alkaloid :piperidine group :
1- piperine
2- piperidine
3- piperitine
B- volatile oil:
1-piperonal
2- pinene
3-caryophyllene
C- Starch 65%
D- Vitamins A,C,B1,B2
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12. Uses Condiment Stomachic Relaxed sore throat.
Rubefacient in case of rheumatism .
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13. Black Pepper fruits Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Contain :
alkaloid (steroidal group )– Solasodine
Used as primary substances in manufacturing steroidal hormones .
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14. white flowers
Visnaga
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15. white flowers
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17. Visnaga fruits : Khella fruits
Ammi visnaga
Ammi majalis
Family : Umbelliferae
Annual herbaceous plant with white flowers
The fruits are greenish brown with 5 yellow primary ridges .
Odor : slightly characteristic.
Taste : slightly bitter .
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18. Nile Delta , Fayuom (Egypt) ,MSR Chemical constituents
Origin:
Nile Delta , Fayuom (Egypt) ,MSR
Chemical constituents
Bitter principles : organic natural compounds have very bitter taste & contain C,O,H and have not N atom .
1- Khellin 1%
2- Visnagin 0.1%
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19. USES
Khella used by Egyptians for treatment of kidney stones (smooth muscles relaxant (relaxing the muscles of the ureter ).
Relief the renal colic's .
Diuretic .
Bronchodilator .
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20. 6. Treatment of arteriosclerosis .
5. Antispasmodic .
6. Treatment of arteriosclerosis .
7. Prophylactic of angina pectoris (act like calcium channels blocking agents )
8. Anti psoriasis agent .
9. Stimulate the repigmentation of the skin .
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