1. Miscarriage, Abortion and ectopic pregnancy
Definitions
Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

2. Miscarriage Spontaneous loss of viability before 24 weeks gestation
Definitions
Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Spontaneous loss of viability before 24 weeks gestation

3. Miscarriage Extragenital Genital Definitions Immunological Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Extragenital
Immunological
Endocrine
Infection
Environmental
Genital
Malformation
Fibroid
Cervical insufficiency

4. Miscarriage Threatening miscarriage Incomplete abortion
Definitions
Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Threatening miscarriage
Subchorial haemorrhage, cramps, bleeding, closed cervix
Incomplete abortion
Passing products of conception, cervix opened
Complete abortion
Spontenously emptied uterus

5. Miscarriage
Definitions
Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Evacuation of retained products of conception unless uterus is emptied spontaneously
Rhesus check
Culture & sensitivity + antibiotics if infectious origin suspected
Special investigations if recurrent (thrombophilia, LA, immunology, TORCH, karyotyping)

6. Miscarriage Family planning Preconceptual advice and support
Definitions
Causes
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Family planning
Preconceptual advice and support
Periconceptional vitamin supplementation
Special considerations in recurrent losses (elimination or suppression of causes) i.e. Aspirin, LMWH

7. Abortion
Definitions
Types and methods
Artificial termination of a pregnancy before 24 weeks gestation

8. Abortion Definitions Types and methods Mifepriston (RU486) Misoprostol
Sulproston cx-ripening
Hygroscopic cx-dilators
Oxytocin-drip

9. Ectopic pregnancy Definition Implantation outside the uterine cavity
Symptoms Amenorrhoea, pain, bleeding
Causes Impaired tubal function
Differential diagnostics Vital signs, cx-excitation,b-hCG, US, LSC
Treatment Elimination of bleeding source + pregnancy (LSC surgery, methotrexate)
Prevention =prevention of PID (barrier contraception, POP, OAC)