1. FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL SOLAR PV CARPORT PROJECT CARRIED OUT BY ARKD ENGINEERING Samir Ahmad Andres Reinero Pooja Kapadia VamshiKrishna Domudala 1

2. The Location Latitude 42.65 Longitude 71.32 2

3. Motivation UML’s motivation for carrying out this study is to determine the technical and financial viability of reducing their carbon footprint. Promotion of the university’s image as good engineering institution. Integration of UML’s electrical vehicle fleet with the EV charging stations powered by in-house generated solar energy. Hands on training for engineering students. Good use of carport space. And obviously the money! 3

4. Project planning and community issue ( The permitting process) The permitting process The conservation commission Local zoning Authority Local town/municipality National Grid (Impact Study) 4

5. Solar irradiance at the Site 5

6. The elevation difference used in PVsyst The bleachers are 5ft below datum plane and the height of panels is 10ft above datum plane. Net height difference between 16ft. 6

7. General project layout 7

8. General project layout (with panels) East –West view 8

9. Carport back structure 9

10. The components Equipment nameNameQuantity Solar panelsYingli 260 Watt (YGE 60 cell)2160 String InverterSMA Tri power 15KW9 x (2 MPPT inputs) String InverterSMA Tri power 25KW4 x (2 MPPT inputs) Carport structureCarport structure cooperation4 x Beam Over Double Carport structureCarport structure cooperation1 x Beam Over Single DC switch gear Bentek ( 8 & 12 Inputs, 15 Amp each) 13 Panel board busbar at (Every array) General (Aluminum bus-bar)5 Panel bus bar General (Aluminum bus-bar) 1 Digital Acquisition System (DAS) + Meters 1 Grounding Transformer-1 Step up transformer (480V to 13.8KVA) -1 10

11. Carport racking structure Beam over single (Used in Array 1 only) 11

12. Carport racking structure Beam over double (Used in Array 2,3,4 & 5 only) 12

13. Shading Analysis 13

14. Shading Analysis at 3:15pm Representation of inter row shading at 3 deg tilt 14

15. Shading Analysis at 3:45pm 15

16. Shading analysis at 7:45AM 16

17. Shading analysis at 9AM 17

18. Main project design specs Parameter System size (KW)561.6 Modules2160 x Yingli 260 Watt Modules per stringVariable (21 and 18 strings/inverter) Inverter21 x SMA Tripower (15KW and 25KW) RackingCarport Racking (double and single overhang) Azimuth10 Deg Tilt3 Deg Total number of strings108 Strings (two types) Number TransformerGrounding transformer, Step up transformer Grid interconnection voltage13.8 KVA Total busbars6 18

19. Single line DC (Array 1) 19

20. DC single line (Array 2) 20

21. DC single line (Array 3,4 & 5) 21

22. Single line diagram (DC side) 22

23. AC single line diagram 23

24. Pvsyst losses assumptions ​ 24

25. Grid Interconnection (National grid) 13.8 KVA interconnection point available 1000ft far! So we assumed a hypothetical interconnection point near the project 25

26. NEC calculation Article/Table numberDescription 690.7Maximum system voltage 690.8 690.8(A) 690.8(B) 310.15(B)(3)(C) 310.15(B)(2)(a) Circuit current and circuit sizing Maximum DC circuit current Conductor ampacity Sizing Ambient temp. adjustment for raceways or cables exposed to sunlight on or above rooftops Ambient temp. correction factors based on 30 deg C 690.9 240.6(A) Over current protection To select standard OCPD’s Table 8Voltage drop calculations 280Surge arrestors 250Grounding electrode conductor

27. 690.8(A) Imax = 11.36 Amps 690.8(B)(1) & (2) Ampacity sizing 310.15(B)(17) 18 AWG Table 8 Voltage drop = 5.77 Volts = 0.75% of max 690.9 OCPD = 15A Article 240.6(A) 690.7 Vmax= 772Volts String type 1

28. PV Output DC Circuit 690.8(A) Imax = 45.44 Amps 690.8(B)(1) & (2) Ampacity sizing M1: 56.8 Amps, M2: 69.91 310.15(B)(17) 6 AWG Table 8 Voltage drop = 1.16 Volts = 0.15% of max

29. String type 2 690.8(A) Imax = 11.36 Amps 690.8(B)(1) & (2) Ampacity sizing 310.15(B)(17) 18 AWG Table 8 Voltage drop = 5.77 Volts = 0.75% of max 690.9 OCPD = 15A Article 240.6(A) 690.7 Vmax= 900Volts

30. PV Output DC Circuit 690.8(A) Imax = 68.16 Amps 690.8(B)(1) & (2) Ampacity sizing M1: 85.2 Amps, M2: 104.86 310.15(B)(17) 4 AWG Table 8 Voltage drop = 0.73 Volts = 0.08% of max 3 AWG = 0.58 Volts = 0.06% of max

31. AC side NEC Codes Article 280 Article 250 Article 470.19

32. PvSyst assumed losses 32

33. Production yield Specific Yield 1240 Kwh/kw Performance ratio 84.3% 33

34. Environmental benefits The annual yield of 696.6 Mwh off 480 metric tons of CO 2 annually. 34

35. Financials Project owner – University of Massachusetts Land owner - University of Massachusetts Developer – ARKD Engineering ( which is us!) Financer – Bank of America (Any financial institution) National grid is the buyer and transmission services provider. 35

36. Hard Cost ComponentsCost $/W Modules0.73 Inverters0.16 Electrical0.64 Installation Materials 0.1275 Soft Cost ParameterCost Installation0.2125 $/W Engineering0.425 $/W Permitting & commissioning 0.15 $/W Installer Overhead & Profit 0.16 $/W Supply chain cost0.49 $/W Tax0.235 $/W Interconnection fee$7,500.00 Miscellaneous0.2 $/W Carport Structures Corporation charges $0.85 for installation materials, Engineering, and Installation 36

37. Soft cost breakup 37

38. Soft cost breakup 38

39. Incentives Federal 30% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) SREC – 10 year period SREC Factor 1 Current SREC Value is $274/MWh 39

40. Fixed Input Parameters Degradation rate – 0.5% Maintenance cost – in the range of 15-20 $/kW Estimated property tax – A*31.75/1000 Total annual cost per parking space for commercial property is $384.00 A = Total parking spaces*384.00 $31.75 per $1000 – property tax rate found on Assessor page of lowellma.gov 40

41. Fixed Input Parameters Increase in property tax – 10% Increased Asset Value = Hard cost*31.75/1000 Estimated property tax/Increase in asset value Inverter replacement cost = 0.25 $/W Income tax rate = 35% 41

42. Variable Input Parameters ScenariosSREC Value $/MWh Market Discount Rate Inflation Rate Conservative181.51% Likely2742%1.5% Optimistic3002% 42

43. Simple Payback Period 43

44. NPV Analysis 44

45. Recommendation to the University The specific yield of 1240 Kwh/kw represents a healthy specific yield at 3 deg tilt and 10 azimuth. The project is a technically sound venture. The Solar PV carport project will give a good integration to the university EV fleet flans for the future. The university can raise capital through Alumni and other endowment sources to further improve the financials. This project will be an excellent opportunity for the students in the energy program to engage in hands on training. 45

46. Thank you !! 46