1. Copyright © 2006 Keio University Computer Architecture Lecture 6: Lecture 6: Basics of I/O and Storage Systems Rodney Van Meter 2009/11/10rdv@sfc.wide.ad.jphttp://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/aqua/

2. Platter, Spindle, Arm, and Head

3. Copyright © 2006 Keio University ｜ 3 Revised Class Schedule 第 6 回 11 月 10 日 入出力 Lecture 6, November 10: Basics of I/O and Storage Systems 11 月 17 日 休講 November 17: No class! 11 月 24 日 休講 November 24: No class! (ORF! Please come.) 第 7 回 12 月 1 日 プロセッサー： パイプラインの基本 Lecture 7, December 1: Processors: Basics of Pipelining 第 8 回 12 月 8 日 メモリ：キャッシュ Lecture 8, December 8: Memory: Caching and Memory Hierarchy 第 9 回 12 月 12 日（土曜日！） メモリ： 仮想記録 Lecture 9, December 12 (Saturday!): Memory: Virtual Memory 第 10 回 12 月 15 日 Lecture 10, December 15: Systems: Shared- Memory Multiprocessors 第 11 回 12 月 22 日 Lecture 11, December 15: Systems: Distributed-Memory Multiprocessors and Interconnection Networks 第 12 回 1 月 12 日 RAID: ストレージの並列と安 全性 Lecture 12, January 12: RAID: Parallelism and Protection in Storage Systems 第 13 回 1 月 19 日 Lecture 13, January 19: The Future and the Past: Review

4. Copyright © 2006 Keio University ｜ 4 Outline What's a Disk Drive? The Importance of a Disk Drive The Insides of a Disk Drive The Access Time Gap Disk Drive Trends A Little History The Basics of a Bus Homework

5. What’s a Disk Drive?

6. Copyright © 2006 Keio University ｜ 6 What’s Important About a Disk Drive? Expensive Consume lots of power Performance bottleneck Fragile But they hold your data without power (they are nonvolatile), for a long time! Lots and lots of data!

7. Moore’s Law

8. Growth of Capacity Over Two Decades

9. Global Disk Shipments (in TB)

10. What’s a Disk Drive?

11. Anatomy of a Hard Drive

12. The Platter(s)

13. The Platters: 3 Disks, 6 Arms & Heads

14. Platter, Spindle, Arm, and Head

15. Arm, Slider & Read/Write Head

16. The Head on the Slider

17. Magnetic Media & R/W Head

18. Cyclinder, Head, Sector (CHS)

19. Video: Arm Moving Video courtesy of Jun Takei, Intel

20. Video: Arm Moving (2) Video courtesy of Jun Takei, Intel

21. Growth of Capacity Over Two Decades

22. Transfer Rate

23. Access Time Gap

24. A Little History: The RAMAC

26. RAMAC Delivery!

27. Copyright © 2006 Keio University ｜ 27 Bus Shared bandwidth Requires addressing Transactions Arbitration: priority, fairness Limitations: width, length (capacitance, 電気容量 ) Types: memory, peripheral Standardization

28. Buses: System Diagram

30. Copyright © 2006 Keio University ｜ 30 Homework 1. Add a new type of disk drive to the table available on my web page. 2. For your drive, calculate: –A. How long to read entire disk sequentially? –B. How long to read the whole thing in random order, 512 bytes at a time? 3. Tell me who controls the specification for each of the following buses: –A. Frontside bus –B. Memory bus –C. PCI –D. SCSI