1. PURSUIT Architecture Mikko Särelä 19.9.2011 T-110.6210

2. 2 Are the Fundamentals Still Valid? Fundamentals of the Internet Collaboration – Reflected in forwarding and routing Cooperation – Reflected in trust among participants Endpoint-centric services – (mail, FTP, even web) – Reflected in E2E principle  IP, full end-to-end reachability Reality in the Internet Today Phishing, spam, viruses –There is no trust any more! Current economics favor senders –Receivers are forced to carry the cost of unwanted traffic Information-centric services –Do endpoints really matter? –Endpoint-centric services move towards information retrieval through, e.g., CDNs  IP with middle boxes & significant decline in trust in the Internet vs.

3. 3 Observation: It's All About Information Internet Today: In 2006, the amount of digital information created was 1.288 X 10^18 bits 99% of Internet traffic is information dissemination & retrieval (Van Jacobson) HTTP proxying, CDNs, video streaming, … Akamai’s CDN accounts for 15% of traffic Between 2001 and 2010, information will increase 1million times from 1 petabyte (10^15) to 1 zettabyte (10^21) Social networking is information-centric Most solutions exist in silos overlays over IP map information networks onto endpoint networks Internet Today: In 2006, the amount of digital information created was 1.288 X 10^18 bits 99% of Internet traffic is information dissemination & retrieval (Van Jacobson) HTTP proxying, CDNs, video streaming, … Akamai’s CDN accounts for 15% of traffic Between 2001 and 2010, information will increase 1million times from 1 petabyte (10^15) to 1 zettabyte (10^21) Social networking is information-centric Most solutions exist in silos overlays over IP map information networks onto endpoint networks Internet Tomorrow: Proliferation of dissemination & retrieval services, e.g., context-aware services & sensors aggregated news delivery augmented real life Personal information tenfold in the next ten years (IBM, 2008) Increase of personalized video services e.g., YouTube, BBC iPlayer Vision recognized by different initiatives & individuals Internet of Things, Van Jacobson, D. Reed Lack of interworking of silo solutions will slow innovation and development speed Internet Tomorrow: Proliferation of dissemination & retrieval services, e.g., context-aware services & sensors aggregated news delivery augmented real life Personal information tenfold in the next ten years (IBM, 2008) Increase of personalized video services e.g., YouTube, BBC iPlayer Vision recognized by different initiatives & individuals Internet of Things, Van Jacobson, D. Reed Lack of interworking of silo solutions will slow innovation and development speed

4. 4 Hypothesis: Increased Information Requires Information- centric Network Approaches Application developers care about information concepts – Creation of information topologies of various kinds -> Endpoint-centric networking structures are inadequate – Topological network changes too slow in timescale – Topological network boundaries too restrictive – Topological network boundaries often not aligned with information topologies – Overlaying possible but restricted in (developer) scalability -> If it is all about information, why not route on information?

5. Why not? Why not route on information?

6. 6 Main Design Principles Information is multi-hierarchically organised – Information semantics are constructed as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) Information scoping – Mechanisms are provided that allow for limiting reachability of information to parties Scoped information neutrality – Within each information scope, data is only delivered based on a given (rendezvous) identifier. The architecture is receiver-driven – No entity shall be delivered data unless it has agreed to receive those beforehand. Communication Model Information Hierarchies Information reachability/ scoping

7. 7 Information Concepts Information – Smallest something Information collections – Sets of semantically similar information Information networks – Sets of information under some common governance Information producer – Entity publishing information to a particular network Information consumer – Entity subscribing to information in a particular network

8. 8 Grouping Information Networks

9. 9 Architectural processes Rendezvous – The process of resolving higher level identifiers to lower level identifiers within a given scope. – Three simple cases: link-local, intra-domain, inter-domain Topology management and formation – Management of data delivery topologies and forwarding graphs Forwarding – Data delivery within a single administrative domain or across multiple domains. – Temporal forwarding identifiers for each publisher and subscriber are derived via the rendezvous and topology management processes – Various routing and forwarding protocols can be used, for example a new protocol replacing IP or IP-based overlays

10. 10 SubscriberPublisher Forwarding edge nodes Forwarding node Forwarding node Topology AS Rendezvous Data Forwarding Subscribe Forwarding node Topology AS Rendezvous Forwarding node Publish Create delivery path Configure Forwarding path Architecture Overview AS Topology

11. 11 Architectural processes Rendezvous – The process of matching publishers and subscribers to rendezvous identifiers under given scope – Three simple cases: link-local, intra- domain, inter-domain Topology management and formation – Management of intra-domain data delivery topologies – Formation of inter-domain topologies ITF Topology RP Rendezvous Network Network Architecture Service Model Helper Error Ctrl … Fragmentation Caching TM Forwarding Network Forwarding Network Forwarding Network Forwarding Network FN pub sub Apps Node Architecture Forwarding –Data delivery within a single administrative domain or across multiple domains Helper functions –Extensions to core functionality of the network architecture, such as management and transport Network attachment –Discovery of network attachment points and network configuration

12. 12 Service Model and API We have considered four different classes of network services 1.A low-level page model that exposes network forwarding and rendezvous/topology formation functions 2.A mid-level memory object model Memory pages are mapped to publications 3.A mid-level channel model 4.Various high-level service models including shared state and document models Low-level page API Memory Object API Channel API Higher-level APIs

13. 13 Node Architecture: Component Wheel Components may be decoupled in space, time, and context – Layerless protocol suite Applications may insert or request new components to the wheel at runtime – Implemented as helper functions The components are attached to the local blackboard (BB) – Components are attached to the local blackboard, sharing publications, state – Pub/sub is used to signal changes to blackboard state

14. 14 Component Wheel Interactions