1. The Influence of Music on Human Heartbeat Jimmy Hurley Grade 9 Central Catholic High School

2. Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to see how different genres of music effect the heartbeat of human males and females.

3. Introduction: Heartbeat Heartbeat: the frequency of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac Cycle: all of the events related to the flow of blood pressure and from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. Average heart rate for adult humans: 60 to 100 beats per minute. Things that effect heartbeat: exercise, body position, body size, medication use, illness, music, stress, breathing, pressure, and dehydration.

4. Introduction: Music Music: A performing art that's medium sound and silence. Elements of music are pitch (melody and harmony), rhythm (tempo, meter, and articulation), and dynamics (timbre and texture.) Originated during the Paleolithic area, also called the Old Stone Age.

5. Past Study-Oxford University and Harvard Health Letter Research at Oxford University showed that music with a faster tempo increased the heart beat. Research for the Harvard Health letter was done at the Massachusetts General Hospital and in medical facilities in Hong Kong showed that people who listen to music 20 to 30 minutes everyday had lower blood pressure than those who did not.

6. Hypotheses Null Hypothesis- The music will not have an effect on the heart rate. Alternative Hypothesis- The music will have a significant effect on the heart rate.

7. Materials iPad iPhone Music from different genres 10 human participants (5 male, 5 female) Chairs

8. Songs Tears in Heaven- Soft Blues Music (Eric Clapton) My Latin Brother- Jazz Music (Marty Ashby) Cruise- Country Music (Florida-Georgia Line) Sweet Caroline- Pop Music (Neil Diamond) Crazy Train- Rock Music (Ozzy Osbourne)

9. Tears in Heaven Written by Eric Clapton and Will Jennings in 1991 Written for his four year old son who fell out of a 53 story window and died. One of Clapton’s biggest hits.

10. My Latin Brother Cover done by Marty Ashby Written by George Benson, jazz guitarist, in 1974 Off the album Bad Benson

11. Sweet Caroline Written by Neil Diamond in 1969 Went platinum Played at Boston Red Sox baseball games, Carolina Panthers, and University of Pittsburgh football games

12. Cruise Written by Florida-Georgia Line in 2012 Number one country song of 2013

13. Crazy Train Written by Ozzy Osbourne in 1980 and released in 1995 Guitar solo in it was ranked 9 th all time by Guitar World Magazine

14. Procedure A list of five songs were prepared to perform this experiment. All of the participants sat down (five males and female) quietly. After ten minutes of quiet, the participants took their resting pulse beat for a minutes. Then, the participants recorded their beat on a piece of paper provided. Next, the first song was played for two minutes. Right after the song ended, the participants took their pulse beat for a minute and recorded it. Five minutes later, the participants took their pulse beat again for a minute. Ten minutes after the song ended, the next song was played.

15. Procedure (cont.) The process was repeated until all songs were played and all pulse beats were recorded. Then, four more replicates with the same songs and the same procedure were done.

16. Music Effects of Male Graph After Song

17. Male Graph 5 Minutes Later

18. Female Graph After Song

19. Female Graph After 5 Minutes

20. Variance Between Male and Female

21. Data Analysis Used ANOVA to determine variations between the control and means groups. Then, Dunnett’s test was used to determine variations within groups. T crit- 3.62

22. Male 1 Results SongTears in Heaven My Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 1.4142141.9445447.4246214.4194178.662058

23. Male 2 Results SongTears in Heaven My Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song T value 1.872764-0.510753.405026 7.491057

24. Male 3 Results SongTears in HeavenMy Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy train After Song t value 1.2649110.9486834.4271892.5298224.743416

25. Male 4 Results SongTears in Heaven My Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 1.7179110.7808693.748172.498786.24695

26. Male 5 Results SongTears in HeavenMy Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 1.2570790.4714053.9283713.1426974.085506 5 min later t value 0.144338-0.866031.7320510.4330131.010363

27. Female 1 Results SongTears in HeavenMy Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 2.6337083.2921355.7941575.3991017.769437

28. Female 2 Results SongTears in Heaven My Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After song t value 2.0242431.4458885.7835535.4943755.928141

29. Female 3 Results SongTears in Heaven My Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 1.0136060.2027212.120.3040824.155785

30. Female 4 Results SongTears in HeavenMy Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 1.555635-0.282844.5254832.8284275.798276

31. Female 5 Results SongTears in HeavenMy Latin Brother Sweet CarolineCruiseCrazy Train After Song t value 0.500652-0.125162.0026090.871424.255545

32. Conclusions The null hypothesis should be rejected. The music did have an effect on the heartbeat of the people. The alternate hypothesis should be accepted. The women had a higher pulse beat than men. Sweet Caroline, Cruise, and Crazy Train had the greatest effects.

33. Limitations and Extensions Subjects may have not liked the song and did not respond to it like expected. The taking of the pulse was done manually, so they may be inaccurate. In future studies: more songs will be tested and more people will be tested. A pulse beat recorder will be used for each participant as well.

34. References Roth, Erica. Relationship Between Music and Heart Rate. Livestrong.com, n.d. Web. William and Regina Bailey. Music Science Project. Crystal-Clear-Science-Fair-Projects.com. 2005- 2011. Web.

35. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varia nce Column 1534969.83.7 Column 2535771.42.8 Column 35360722.5 Column 4539178.22.2 Column 5537474.85.7 Column 6539879.62.3 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups387.5577.5 24.21 875 1.19E -08 2.620 654 Within Groups76.8243.2 Total464.329 Male 1 Age 59 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varian ce Column 15360722.5 Column 2536873.61.3 Column 3536673.23.2 Column 4538877.64.3 Column 5537675.25.2 Column 65390787.5 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups 149.8 6675 29.97 333 7.493 333 0.000 233 2.620 654 Within Groups96244 Total 245.8 66729 Male 3 Age 53 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Averag e Varianc e Column 15360722.5 Column 2537174.22.2 Column 3535771.41.3 Column 45380762.5 Column 55380766.5 Column 6540480.85.7 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups 291.06 675 58.213 33 16.873 43 3.58E- 07 2.6206 54 Within Groups82.8243.45 Total 373.86 6729 Male 2 Age 49

36. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varia nce Column 15355712.5 Column 2536673.23.7 Column 35360722.5 Column 4537975.85.7 Column 5537174.25.2 Column 65395795 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups208.4541.68 10.16 585 2.54E -05 2.620 654 Within Groups98.4244.1 Total306.829 Male 4 Age 51 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varian ce Column 1535671.23.7 Column 2536472.85.2 Column 3535971.83.7 Column 4538176.23.7 Column 5537675.23.7 Column 6538276.44.3 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups 130.6 6675 26.13 333 6.452 675 0.000 622 2.620 654 Within Groups97.2244.05 Total 227.8 66729 Male 5 Age 58 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varia nce Column 1536272.44.3 Column 2538276.44.3 Column 3538777.44.3 Column 4540681.23.7 Column 5540380.64.3 Column 6542184.213.7 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups433.9586.78 15.04 855 9.93E -07 2.620 654 Within Groups138.424 5.766 667 Total572.329 Female 1 Age 47 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Coun tSum Aver age Varia nce Column 15355712.5 Column 2536973.81.7 Column 35365732.5 Column 45395795 Column 5539378.69.3 Column 6539679.27.7 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups 322. 56675 64.5 1333 13.4 8711 2.56 E-06 2.62 0654 Within Groups 114. 824 4.78 3333 Total 437. 366729 Female 2 Age 58

37. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Avera ge Varia nce Column 1537274.45.3 Column 2538276.44.3 Column 3537474.811.2 Column 4539378.68.8 Column 55375758.5 Column 6541382.620.3 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSF P- valueF crit Between Groups 249.3 6675 49.87 333 5.123 973 0.002 452 2.620 654 Within Groups233.624 9.733 333 Total 482.9 66729 Female 3 Age 56 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSum Averag e Varianc e Column 1536172.27.7 Column 2537274.42.3 Column 3535971.85.7 Column 4539378.65.3 Column 5538176.24.7 Column 6540280.44.3 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups299.2559.8411.968 6.93E- 06 2.6206 54 Within Groups120245 Total419.229 Female 4 Age 53 Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 1538176.25.7 Column 25385775 Column 35380764.5 Column 4539779.47.3 Column 5538877.64.3 Column 654158311.5 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups175.6535.125.5018280.0016362.620654 Within Groups153.2246.383333 Total328.829 Female 5 Age 42