1.  Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org Towards a Social Notion of Provenance on the Web Andreas Harth, Axel Polleres, Stefan Decker Principles of Provenance Workshop, Edinburgh November 2007

2. Outline Provenance on the Web RDF Data Integration Query and Retrieval Social Notion of Provenance

3. Provenance on the RDF Web http://dbpedia.org/docs/downloads/articles_externallinks_en.nt http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/proje.../sem_web_subset.rdf opus: dbr: dbp: dblp: dbr:Talbot_ Rice_Gallery http://www.ed.ac.uk/#org dbp:reference dblp:Kingston_Johnhttp://www.ed.ac.uk/#org opus:affiliation

4. Integrated Graph dbr:Talbot_ Rice_Gallery dbp:reference dblp:Kingston_John http://www.ed.ac.uk/ #org opus:affiliation http://dbpedia.org/docs/downloads/articles_externallinks_en.nt http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/proje.../sem_web_subset.rdf

5. Integration Pipeline HTTP lookup URI normalisation Entity consolidation Class and property hierarchy reasoning Date: Sun, 18 Nov 2007 21:29:04 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.37 Cache-Control: max-age=86400 Expires: Mon, 19 Nov 2007 21:29:04 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 http://www.ed.ac.uk -> http://www.ed.ac.uk/ http://www.ed.ac.uk/#org = http://dbpedia.org/Resource/Universit y_of_Edinburgh = http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/...Edinburgh opus:University rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Organisation

6. Basic Retrieval “University of Edinburgh” http://www.ed.ac.uk/#org rdf:type –opus:University –dbpedia:University –foaf:Organisation dc:title –University of Edinburgh foaf:based_near –dbpedia:Edinburgh http://www.ed.ac.uk/#org = http://dbpedia.org/Resource/Universit y_of_Edinburgh = http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/...Edinburgh http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/proje.../sem_web_subset.rdf http://dbpedia.org/docs/downloads/articles_externallinks_en.nt Subclass reasoning using data from source A and B http://dbpedia.org/docs/downloads/articles_externallinks_en.nt

7. URIs and HTTP URI: resource identifier used to point at things HTTP: retrieve file associated with URI, including low- level file information (content type, last change date, server)

8. HTTP Metadata per Data Source http://www.ed.ac.uk/ index.rdf Sun, 18 Nov 2007 21:29:04 GMT last-modified Sun, 18 Nov 2007 21:30:12 GMT last_access

9. Query with Provenance Return all Universities in Edinburgh (and report sources) SELECT ?s ?c1 ?c2 WHERE { GRAPH ?c1 { ?s rdf:type opus:University. } GRAPH ?c2 { ?s foaf:based_near opus:Edinburgh. } }

10. Query with Data from Selected Sources Return Edinburgh universities from DBpedia SELECT ?s FROM WHERE { ?s rdf:type dbpedia:University. ?s foaf:based_near dbpedia:Edinburgh. }

11. Query with Data from Selected People Return all information about Edinburgh university from affiliated people Requires to query both logical level (data) and physical level (data sources)

12. Describing a Data Source Sun, 18 Nov 2007 21:29:04 GMT last-modified Sun, 18 Nov 2007 21:30:12 GMT last_access dns:ed.ac.uk domainname The University of Edinburgh, Network Services Division, The King’s Buildings registered_to http://www.ed.ac.uk/ #Joe_W_Master foaf:maker DNS HTTP http://www.ed.ac.uk/ index.rdf http://www.ed.ac.uk/ #org opus:affiliation http://www.ed.ac.uk/~joe/card.rdf

13. Return all information about Edinburgh university from affiliated people CONSTRUCT { ?p ?o. } WHERE { GRAPH ?c { ?p ?o. } ?person foaf:maker ?c. ?person opus:affiliation. }

14. Conclusion Provenance tracking on the Internet using information from infrastructure (DNS), protocol (HTTP), data (RDF) Possible to select sources for processing, querying, and displaying –e.g. to exclude link spam –e.g. to exclude malicious sources –e.g. to include information from your social network Desirable to lift the provenance model from sources to people, organisations and programs