1. 1-3 Classifying Organisms
Pages 28-37

2. Classification and Taxonomy
Process of grouping things based on similarities
Biologists put them into groups so they are easier to identify and study
Taxonomy-
Study of how organisms are classified

3. Early Classification Systems
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)-
1st to classify
Divided animals into 3 categories:
Fly
Swim
Walk/run/crawl

4. Early Classification Systems
Carolus Linnaeus ( )-
Father of modern taxonomy and ecology
Looked at body structures, body systems, and how they got their food
Devised a naming system for organisms (still used today)
Binomial Nomenclature (next slide)

5. Binomial Nomenclature
Each organism is given a 2-part name (Genus, species)
Genus: (always CAPITALIZED)
1st part of name groups with similar, closely related organisms
Example: (pumas, ocelots, house cats) Genus= Felis
species: (ALWAYS lowercase)
2nd part of name with similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. Very Specific (only pumas)
Similar to our 1st and last name (always Latin)

6. 7 Levels of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti

8. 7 Levels of Classification
Not based on where they live
Based on Shared Characteristics
King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti
Goes from Broadest (biggest) more specific
Classifying an owl Figure 12 page 33
**Show classifications on OH

10. Evolution and Classification
Charles Darwin- wrote theory about how species change over time
Has had a major impact on how species are classified
Evolution- The process by which organisms change gradually over time.

11. Classification Today
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together
This is done by:
Studying Fossils
Comparing Body Structures of living organisms (Fig. 14 pg. 35)
Comparing Early development
Examining chemical makeup (Figure 15 pg. 36) skunks and weasels

12. Using the Classification System
May be used for camping. (spiders, snakes, scorpions)
Field Guide- Books with illustrations (pictures) that highlight differences.
Taxonomic Key- Series of paired statement that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms (Dichotomous Key)