1. Approximately how many radioactive atoms are present in a tritium sample with an activity of 0.4 x 10-6 Ci and a half-life of 12.3 years? (1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 decays/s)
13 x 107
7 x 108
3 x 1010
8 x 1012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

2. What is the binding energy per nucleon of Au-197 (atomic number = 79)
What is the binding energy per nucleon of Au-197 (atomic number = 79)? (The following information regarding atomic masses will be needed: Au-197, ; hydrogen, ; neutron, ; also 1 u x c2 = MeV)
7.3 MeV
7.7 MeV
7.9 MeV
8.3 MeV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

3. Approximately how many half-life periods must elapse if the activity of a radioactive isotope sample is to be reduced to of the original value? 3 6 8 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

4. Tritium has a half-life of 12. 3 years
Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years. What proportion of its original radioactivity will a sample have after 9 years?
0.55
0.60
0.73
0.84 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

5. The activity of a newly discovered radioactive isotope reduces to 96% of its original value in an interval of 2 hours. What is its half-life?
10.2 hrs
34.0 hrs
44.0 hrs
68.6 hrs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

6. If there are 128 neutrons in Pb-210, how many neutrons are found in the nucleus of Pb-206?
122
124
126
130 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

7. The existence of the neutrino was postulated to account for which basic conservation laws during the beta decay process?
conservation of energy
conservation of momentum
both of the choices are valid
none of the choices are valid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

8. A radioactive isotope which emits a gamma quantum will change in what respect?
atomic number increases by one
atomic number decreases by one
atomic mass number decreases by one
none of the choices are valid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

9. A radioactive isotope which emits an alpha particle will change in what respect?
atomic number decreases by four
mass number decreases by four
both atomic number and mass number decrease by four
none of the choices are valid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

10. 31 years 41 years 84 years 123 years
Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years. How many years will elapse when the radioactivity of a tritium sample diminishes to 10% of its original value?
31 years
41 years
84 years
123 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

11. A pure sample of Ra-226 contains 2. 0 x 1014 atoms of the isotope
A pure sample of Ra-226 contains 2.0 x 1014 atoms of the isotope. If the half-life of Ra-226 = 1.6 x 103 years, what is the decay rate of this sample? (1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 decays/s)
2.7 x Ci
3.4 x Ci
7.5 x 10-8 Ci
9.6 x 10-6 Ci 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

12. 8.5 MeV added 8.5 MeV given off 10.3 MeV given off 10.3 MeV added
What energy must be added or given off in a reaction where one hydrogen atom and two neutrons are combined to form a tritium atom? (atomic masses for each: hydrogen, ; neutron, ; tritium, ; also, 1 u x c2 = MeV)
8.5 MeV added
8.5 MeV given off
10.3 MeV given off
10.3 MeV added 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

13. An ancient building was known to have been built 3000 years ago
An ancient building was known to have been built 3000 years ago. Approximately what proportion of C-14 atoms are yet in the building's wooden framing compared to the number which were present at the time of its construction? (half life of C-14 = 5800 years)
0.425
0.500
0.517
0.698 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

14. The isotope Zn-64 has a nuclear radius of 4. 8 x 10-15 m
The isotope Zn-64 has a nuclear radius of 4.8 x m. Which of the following is the mass number of an isotope for which the nuclear radius is 7.2 x m?
144 96
125
216 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

15. 6.7 x 109 decays/yr 8.7 x 1010 decays/yr 9.4 x 1010 decays/yr
A pure sample of Ra-226 contains 2 x 1014 atoms of the isotope. If the half-life of Ra-226 = 1.6 x 103 years, what is the decay rate of this sample?
6.7 x 109 decays/yr
8.7 x 1010 decays/yr
9.4 x 1010 decays/yr
12.6 x decays/yr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

16. The beta emission process results in the daughter nucleus differing in what manner from the parent?
atomic mass increases by one
atomic number decreases by two
atomic number increases by one
atomic mass decreases by two 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

17. The gamma radiation first detected by Becquerel was in fact which of the following?
helium nuclei
high energy quanta
electrons
positrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

18. The alpha emission process results in the daughter nucleus differing in what manner from the parent?
atomic mass increases by one
atomic number decreases by two
atomic number increases by one
atomic mass decreases by two 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

19. If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles, then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?
reaction is exothermic
reaction is endothermic
atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40
atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

20. The isotope Zn-64 has a nuclear radius of 4. 8 x 10-15 m
The isotope Zn-64 has a nuclear radius of 4.8 x m. Approximately what is the nuclear radius of an isotope of Al-27?
2.0 x m
2.7 x m
3.6 x m
4.0 x m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

21. The ratio of the numbers of neutrons to protons in the nucleus of naturally occurring isotopes tends to vary with atomic number in what manner?
increases with greater atomic number
decreases with greater atomic number
is maximum for atomic number = 60
remains constant for entire range of atomic numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

22. difference in neutron and proton numbers
The atomic mass number of a nucleus is equivalent to which of the following numbers?
# neutrons present
# protons present
difference in neutron and proton numbers
sum of neutron and proton numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

23. Of the main types of radiation emitted from naturally radioactive isotopes, which of the following is the most penetrating?
alpha
beta
gamma
positron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

24. Samples of two different isotopes, X and Y, both contain the same number of radioactive atoms. Sample X has a half life twice that of Y. How do their rates of radiation compare?
X has a greater rate than Y
X has a smaller rate than Y
rates of X and Y are equal
rate depends on atomic number, not half life 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

25. The beta radiation first detected by Becquerel was in fact which of the following?
helium nuclei
high energy quanta
electrons
positrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

26. The alpha radiation first detected by Becquerel was in fact which of the following?
helium nuclei
high energy quanta
electrons
positrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

27. The atomic number of a given element is equivalent to which of the following?
proton number in the nucleus
neutron number in the nucleus
sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
number of electrons in the outer shells 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

28. Chromium-55 (54. 9279 u) emits an electron (0
Chromium-55 ( u) emits an electron ( u) leaving a daughter nucleus of manganese-55 ( u). How much energy is released in this reaction? (1 u x c2 = 931 MeV)
5.59 MeV
2.79 MeV
1.40 MeV
0.70 MeV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

29. equal to 2.17 MeV greater than 2.17 MeV less than 2.17 MeV
An endothermic nuclear reaction occurs as a result of the collision of two reactant nuclei. If the Q value of this reaction is MeV, which of the following describes the minimum kinetic energy needed in the reactant nuclei if the reaction is to occur?
equal to 2.17 MeV
greater than 2.17 MeV
less than 2.17 MeV
exactly half of 2.17 MeV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

30. 8,000 years 17,400 years 23,000 years 46,400 years
If a fossil bone is found to contain 1/8th as much Carbon-14 as the bone of a living animal, what is the approximate age of the fossil? (half-life of C-14 = 5800 years)
8,000 years
17,400 years
23,000 years
46,400 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

31. neutron proton nucleus positron
Rutherford's experiments involving the use of alpha particle beams directed onto thin metal foils demonstrated the existence of which of the following?
neutron
proton
nucleus
positron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

32. The components of natural radiation, in order of least to most penetrating, are which of the following choices?
alpha, beta and gamma
gamma, beta and alpha
beta, gamma and alpha
alpha, gamma and beta 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

33. A radioactive material initially is observed to have an activity of 800 counts/sec. If four hours later it is observed to have an activity of 200 counts/sec, what is its half life?
1 hour
2 hours
4 hours
8 hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

34. The experiment which gave the first evidence for the existence of the atomic nucleus involved which of the following?
X-ray scattering
radioactive dating
cosmic ray detection
alpha scattering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

35. The nucleus of an atom is made up of which of the following?
electrons and protons
electrons and neutrons
protons, electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

36. Radium-226 decays to Radon-222 by emitting which of the following?
beta
alpha
gamma
positron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

37. When bismuth-214 emits a beta particle, the remaining daughter nucleus is which of the following?
lead-213
actinium-215
polonium-214
bismuth-215 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

38. Certain stars at the end of their lives are thought to collapse combining their protons and electrons together to form a neutron star. Such a star could be thought of as a giant atomic nucleus. If a star of mass equal to that of the sun (M = 2 x 1030 kg) collapsed into neutrons (mn = 1.67 x kg), what would be the radius of such a star? (HINT: r = r0A1/3)
25.4 km
18.7 km
12.7 km
6.4 km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

39. 2.24 MeV/nucleon 2.45 MeV/nucleon 2.66 MeV/nucleon 2.86 MeV/nucleon
Calculate the binding energy of the tritium nucleus, given that the mass of the tritium nucleus is u. (mp = u, mn = , and 1 u = MeV/c2)
2.24 MeV/nucleon
2.45 MeV/nucleon
2.66 MeV/nucleon
2.86 MeV/nucleon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

40. The half-life of radioactive iodine-131 is 8 days
The half-life of radioactive iodine-131 is 8 days. Find the number of 131I nuclei necessary to produce a sample of activity 1.0µ Ci. (1 Curie = 3.7 x 1010 decays/second)
4.6 x 109
3.7 x 1010
7.6 x 1012
8.1 x 1013 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

41. How much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 x 1
How much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 x 1.6 x C) have to approach to within m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 x 1.6 x C)? [k = 9 x 109 N-m2 /C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 x J]
11.70 MeV
14.55 MeV
18.15 MeV
22.75 MeV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

42. 4.20 x 1010/second 5.35 x 109/second 3.69 x 108/second
Tritium is radioactive with a half-life of years decaying into with low-energy electron emission. If we have a sample of 3 x 1018 tritium atoms, what is its activity in decays/second? (1 year = 3.15 x 107 s)
4.20 x 1010/second
5.35 x 109/second
3.69 x 108/second
6.64 x 107/second 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

43. An alpha particle (mass = 6
An alpha particle (mass = 6.68 x kg) is emitted from a radioactive nucleus with an energy of 5 MeV. How fast is the a-particle moving in m/s? (1 MeV = 1.6 x J)
2.40 x 107 m/s
1.55 x 107 m/s
3.70 x 106 m/s
1.85 x 106 m/s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

44. 4,460 years 8,600 years 13,150 years 17,200 years
A 1-gram sample of petrified wood is taken from a petrified forest. If the Carbon-14 activity of the sample is 12.5% that of present-day organic material, what is the age of the petrified wood? (T1/2 for C-14 is 5,730 years)
4,460 years
8,600 years
13,150 years
17,200 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

45. In the beta decay of 14C, the existence of the anti-neutrino was required to maintain?
energy conservation.
charge conservation.
conservation of the number of nucleons.
all of the choices 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

46. The fact that the binding energy per nucleon doesn't depend very strongly on the volume of the nucleus indicates that?
the strong nuclear force saturates.
nucleons don't move throughout the nucleus.
all nuclei have the same volume.
the radius of a nucleus is directly proportional to the number of nucleons. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

47. According to the shell model of the nucleus, radioactive decay which produces beta rays occurs because?
there is a vacant energy level for a neutron and as a neutron drops down to this lower energy level it gives up its energy to an electron.
there is no vacancy in a neutron energy level so the neutron goes to an energy level previously occupied by an electron.
the neutron must change to a proton before it can go to a lower energy level.
the neutron gets rid of excess angular momentum by giving it to ejected electron. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

48. Some nuclei are not spherical and this can best be explained by the?
liquid drop model.
shell model.
collective model.
model of nuclear tunneling. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

49. the volume of the nucleus. the size of the nuclear surface.
If the stable nuclei are plotted with neutron number vs. proton number, the curve formed by the stable nuclei does not follow the line N = Z. This is predicted by examining how the binding energy is influenced by?
the volume of the nucleus.
the size of the nuclear surface.
the Coulomb repulsion.
the proton-neutron mass difference. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

50. The binding energy of a nucleus is equal to?
the energy needed to remove one of the nucleons.
the average energy with which any nucleon is bound in the nucleus.
the energy needed to separate all the nucleons from each other.
the mass of the nucleus times c2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51. the proton and neutron have different masses.
The gram molecular mass for chlorine is not a multiple of the mass of hydrogen but is about 35.5 times the mass of hydrogen. This is primarily because?
the proton and neutron have different masses.
there are several isotopes of chlorine.
of the binding energy of the chlorine nucleus.
the chlorine nucleus has 35.5 nucleons. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

52. The mass of 238U is not quite an integer multiple of -H
The mass of 238U is not quite an integer multiple of -H. This is primarily because?
the proton and neutron have different masses.
there are several isotopes of uranium.
of the binding energy of uranium.
uranium is radioactive. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

53. The neutron is radioactive and can beta decay to form a proton
The neutron is radioactive and can beta decay to form a proton. This can occur primarily because?
the proton has less mass than a neutron.
there are several hydrogen isotopes.
of the binding energy of hydrogen.
the neutron is neutral. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

54. mass. charge. volume. density.
For every stable nucleus except hydrogen, if the number of nucleons is doubled, the quantity that will change least is the?
mass.
charge.
volume.
density. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

55. What particle is emitted when P-32 decays to S-32
What particle is emitted when P-32 decays to S-32? (atomic numbers of P and S are, respectively, 15 and 16)
alpha
beta
positron
gamma quantum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

56. What particle is emitted when Pu-240 decays to U-236
What particle is emitted when Pu-240 decays to U-236? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are, respectively, 94 and 92)
alpha
beta
positron
gamma quantum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

57. The original nucleus and the final nucleus will be isotopes for which decay scheme of the original nucleus?
alpha decay followed by two beta decays
two gamma decays
a beta decay followed by an alpha decay
a beta decay followed by neutron emission 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

58. The mass of 12C is 12 u where 1 u = 1. 660559 x 10-27 kg
The mass of 12C is 12 u where 1 u = x kg. This mass is equal to?
the mass of the 12C nucleus.
the mass of the 12C nucleus plus 6 electrons.
the mass of the 12C nucleus plus 12 electrons.
the mass of 6 protons and 6 neutrons. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

59. nitrogen-15 oxygen-17 oxygen-15 fluorine-15
A proton is captured by an oxygen-16 atom which in turn emits a deuteron. What is the element and mass number of the product isotope?
nitrogen-15
oxygen-17
oxygen-15
fluorine-15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50