1. Respected Sir & dear friends

2. Presented by Mohd. Sufiyan MCA –Vth Sem Sec-A2 GIMT (Gr. Noida)

3. Definition of Bluetooth Bluetooth is a short range (10-100 m) and low-cost wireless network system to replace cables and give RF connection between consumer devices.

4.  What is Bluetooth?  Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.  Why this name?  It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.  When does it appear?  1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones & accessories.  5 companies (Ericssn,Nokia,IBM,Toshiba & Intel)joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998 named.  First specification released in July 1999.

5.  1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision  1995 : Engineering work begins  1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate  1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba  1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A  SIG promoter group expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola  2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters  2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.1  2003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.2  2005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0

7.  Uses the radio range of 2.45 GHz  Theoretical maximum bandwidth is 1 Mb/s  Several Bluetooth devices can form an ad hoc network called a “piconet” – In a piconet one device acts as a master (sets frequency hopping behavior) and the others as slaves – Example: A conference room with many laptops wishing to communicate with each Other

8.  Master  Active Slave  Parked Slave  Standby

9.  Inter-piconet communication  Up to 10 piconets in a scatternet  Multiple piconets can operate within same physical space  This is an ad-hoc, peer to peer (P2P) network

10.  Laptops  Cellular phones  Personal Digital Assistants  Headsets  Printers  Keyboards/mice  GPS, etc…  Major use in consumer electronics

11.  Allows up to 8 devices to communicate in a local network called a Piconet, also known as a Personal Area Network or PAN  Because of its low power consumption, its range is limited to 10 m.  However, range can be increased to 100 m by employing a scatternet topology or a higher powered antenna  Three classes of Bluetooth devices -Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 Feet. -Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet -Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet

12.  The Bluetooth standard is maintained and published by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)  Includes thousands of member companies  Covers topics such as interoperability, testing and qualification of bluetooth devices  Most important, outlines the specifications for: - Bluetooth Radio - Baseband - LMP – Link Manager Protocol - HCI – Host Controller Interface - L2CAP – Logical Link Control & Adaptation Protocol - RFCOMM - Profiles

14.  Bluetooth uses a TDD (Time Division Duplex) protocol to transmit information in one timeslot and receive in another  Employs a Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation mechanism to transmit bits, where: - Binary 0 is represented by a negative frequency deviation - Binary 1 is represented by a positive frequency deviation

15.  Enables RF to form a piconet (physical channel shared among several devices) – Up to 7 slaves can be connected to 1 master  Provides 2 different kind of physical links, with their corresponding packets – Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) – Asynchronous Connection-Link (ACL)

16.  SCO is a symmetric point-to-point link between a master and a single slave in the piconet  The SCO link is maintained by the master by its use of timeslots at regular intervals  The Master can support up to 3 simultaneous SCO links, while the slaves can support 2 or 3 links  SCO packets are never retransmitted, and are typically employed in time constraint applications such as voice  Are used in 64Kbps speech transmission  A SCO link can be considered as a circuit-switched connection.

17.  Point-to-multipoint link between master and all slaves in the piconet  ACL link can be established on per slot basis  In the slots which are not reserved for SCO transmission, the master can establish an ACL link with any slave, including the slaves which are already engaged in SCO communication  Unlike SCO where multiple SCO links can be established, only one ACL Link can be established between two nodes  ACL packets which are lost are always retransmitted

18.  Responsible for link set-up between devices, including security functions : – Authentication – Encryption  Controls and negotiates baseband packet size  Controls power modes and connection states

19.  Uniform interface method of accessing the Bluetooth controller capabilities  Alows the software stack on the host processor to communicate with Bluetooth hardware  Not used for communicating among devices

20.  Its role is to adapt upper protocols over the Baseband : – Multiplexing capability – Segmentation and reassembly operations  Permits to transmit and receive upper layer data packets up to 64kB in length  Also permits per-channel flow control and retransmission

21.  Provides a means for a Bluetooth device to discover what services of another device are available and determine the characteristics of those available services  Client-Server interaction  Service records (database) provide a list of services and associated attributes

22.  Point-to-Point Protocol (runs over RFCOMM)  TCP/UDP/IP : allows communication with any other device connected to the Internet/WAP  OBEX : allows to exchange objects in a simple and spontaneous manner (developed by the IrDA)  WAP : allows to build application gateways (functions like remote control and data fetching from a PC to handset)

23.  Infrared IrDA (WPAN) : synchronization, link between a phone and a laptop… – Less flexible than Bluetooth, need of a line of site – Comparable data rate  Wi-Fi (WLAN) : Wireless LAN access – Far higher bandwidth and data rate than Bluetooth – Higher power consumption than Bluetooth – Requires infrastructure investment

24.  Cordless Telephony  Intercom  Headset  Fax  Dial-up networking  LAN access  File transfer  Basic Printing  A/V remote control  Hands-free

25.  Success of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into consumer products -Consumers are more interested in applications than the technology -Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer -- products -Must provide benefits for consumer -Must not destroy current product benefits  Key Success Factors -Interoperability -Mass Production at Low Cost -Ease of Use -End User Experience