1. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 1 HTML Introduction The Basics Syntax and Objects Successors Rev 2.0

2. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 2 Hypertext Markup Language Markup Language –Control Sequences that are inserted into the text to indicate formatting –Latex, XML, SGML, etc. In other words, describes how a document should be formatted or displayed Syntax and structure of documents defined externally in a Document Type Definition

3. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 3 Current HTML notes Latest (and last) specification: 4.01 HTML is a subset of SGML (an application of it) Being phased out by XHTML (a subset of XML) Very complicated specification; contains: –HTML –Stylesheets –Scripting –Frames –Embedded objects

4. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 4 Markup Language Structure SGML XML HTMLXHTMLSOAPWML

5. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 5 HTML Basics All typesetting commands are issued through in-text tags –Tags provide formatting information about font, object/text placement, tables, etc. –As hypertext, tags can reference remote pages/objects as well Tags are defined in DTD specifications for the language

6. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 6 HTML Syntax The generalized syntax for HTML is: 1.Start tag – including name and attributes 2.Content to be formatted as per the open tag 3.End tag; not always required, but should be for good practice e.x. U.Vic. Start Tags Content End Tags

7. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 7 Example of HTML Formatting University of Victoria, British Columbia Canada … …

8. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 8 Remember Content Delivery! Comments in HTML are tags: –Different schemes take advantage; SSI, PHP, etc. Scripting can also be embedded in the HTML document; JavaScript, VBScript, etc. Forms in HTML are good for passing in user data

9. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 9 Keeping Sites Uniform: Style Sheets Method of getting cohesive website –Influence how all your pages look with one file –Maintainability :) Implemented through tags in desired web pages Style sheets have their own definitions to ensure all similar “objects” look uniform.

10. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 10 Style Sheet Example Style Sheet: CSS Example H1 { font-size: x-large; color: red } H2 { font-size: large; color: blue } HTML: I am Heading 1  I am Heading 1 I am Heading 2  I am Heading 2

11. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 11 SGML Very robust meta-language (used to define languages, not as application) Specific rules for defining markup tags and objects –Good for defining custom markup languages per application Too broad for direct use –Openness of language makes it a “standards” nightmare!

12. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 12 HTML vs. XML HTML vs. XML Both HTML and XML are subsets of SGML; HOWEVER: –HTML is an application of SGML Smaller set of objects Preset tags –XML is a subset of SGML’s mega-data XML is used to DEFINE tags XHTML is HTML’s equivalent from XML set XML is used to create programs based on HTTP (read as: Web Applications!)

13. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 13 XML – eXtensible Markup Language Used in “Web Services” –Means for one program to invoke a method on another program via HTTP Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation) COBRA –Foundation of.Net Not for “human use” (like HTML); for program use

14. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 14 XML Stack Example SOAP XML HTTP TCP APPLICATION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER

15. 9/4/2015 ©2006 Scott Miller, University of Victoria 15 For Next Class Finish and submit Lab 2 Get ready for Assignment 2 NEXT CLASS: HTML FORMS, EXAMPLES, AND MUCH, MUCH MORE!