1. Year 7 History Investigating the Ancient Past Starter sheets Readings

2. 2. What do you think this piece of writing is about
8. Do you agree with that? _________________________________________________
3. Is it descriptive, informative or persuasive?__________________________________
History is the ______________________________________ of things said and done.
9. Give an example to back up your opinion. _____________________________________
One of the lessons of history is that nothing is often a good thing to do and always a clever thing to say.
1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.
An account mostly false, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers mostly knaves, and soldiers mostly fools.
We can learn from history how past generations thought and acted, how they responded to the demands of their time and how they solved their problems.
History is the present. That's why every generation writes it anew. But what most people think of as history is its end product, myth
10. After reading these statement rewrite your own statement about the importance of History. ____________________________________________________________
Underline the following words: clever, condemned, learn, navigation, present, rumour, succession, women
4. Read the piece of writing and circle any words whose meaning you are not sure of.
What sort of women are remembered by history according to one statement?
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 1 Reading Activity
History will be kind to me for I intend to write it. Winston Churchill
Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
History is little else than a long succession of useless cruelties.
Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it
Anybody can make history. Only a great man can write it.
History is the memory of things said and done.
History is a myth that men agree to believe.
Well behaved women rarely make history.
History is the distillation of rumour.
WHAT IS HISTORY?

3. Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 2 Timeline Activity.

4. 25 ____________ 26 ______________ 27 ______________ 28 ______________
37 ____________ 38 ______________ 39 ______________ 40 ______________
9 ____________ ______________ 11 ______________ 12 ______________
13 ____________ 14 ______________ 15 ______________ 16 ______________
17 ____________ 18 ______________ 19 ______________ 20 ______________
21 ____________ 22 ______________ 23 ______________ 24 ______________
29 ____________ 30 ______________ 31 ______________ 32 ______________
33 ____________ ______________ 35______________ 36 ______________
1 ____________ ______________ 3 ______________ 4 ______________
5 ____________ 6 ______________ ______________ 8 ______________
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 3 Chronological Order Activity

5. For example: In the twelfth century, Geoffrey of Monmouth claimed that African giants brought the stones to Ireland, and from there the wizard Merlin flew them across the sea to England. Others claim that visitors from outer space created the monument. Some believe that sun worshippers created it. In the 1960s, the astronomer Gerald S. Hawkins suggested that Stonehenge must have been created as an astronomical observatory. 1. What motivated people to put about 1500 years of time and effort into building and re-building this structure? Historians and archaeologists tend to think people created Stonehenge as a place of religious worship but they are not really sure. What do you think? ______________________________________________________________________
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The monument shown in source is called Stonehenge and it is located on Salisbury Plain in southern England. People put these large rocks here about 4000 years ago.
Stonehenge is one of the most visited tourist sites in England and is now classified as a World Heritage Site. Many people come here because they are fascinated by the different stories they have heard about who built it and why they did so.
HISTORY IS ABOUT CONSEQUENCES Historians need to consider people's actions in the past and the consequences of those actions. For example, historians have written a good deal about war. It is important for historians to understand which side gained victory, which side experienced defeat and the reasons for this result. What is just as important are the experiences of the people on all sides of a conflict who are the victims of war - the physical, emotional, economic, cultural and political costs that are the consequences of war. History is thus about the results or conse­quences of people's actions as well as the actions themselves. These consequences are often not what was intended or expected.
Historians are also interested in the links between one event and another. They like to try and find how a certain event or action might have been a cause of another event or action. This means that historians are also looking to find the effect or results of something that happened in the past.
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This was an amazing achievement when we consider the distances they had to travel to transport the heavy building materials and the skill with which they put the monument together - all without the benefits of modern technology.
2. What world event is big in the news at the moment? What do you see as the consequences of this event? What might these consequences cause? ___________________________________________________________________
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 4 Reading Activity.
Read the following and answer the questions.
HISTORY IS ABOUT MOTIVES
CAUSE AND EFFECT

6. Historians use: Written sources are the words that can be read on old documents like diares ______________, letters, books. The words may be written on paper, parchment or pianted or carved on walls or in stone.
Non-written sources are buildings, tools, wepons _____________, pots clothes, human, animals, ships, anything atlered __________________by human use or produced by people.
Thesources that historians may not be acurate or fair. People forget, do not notice things, or leave out what does not suit their case or intrest them. _____________________ __________________________ _____________________
Generasion is a body of people born in the same ten-year span. _______________________
The sources of history are klues ____________that help historians in their search for the story of the past.
Radiocarbon dating relies on the fact that all living things absorb carbon. Most carbon is normal but a small amount is radiactive. _______________________________________
The work must be slow and careffull ___________________________ to uncover objects or parts of building without destroying their value.
Thermo luminescence dating is useful for dateing stone and clay objects, such as potterie, which have at some time been heated or fyred. ___________________________ _______________________________ __________________________
Anachronisms is when a practise, event, object or person is placed outside its proper time period. ___________________________
Empathie is showing an understanding or appreciation of a person or thing. Biaz is an opinion that has been influenced by someone or something. ___________________
Archeology _______________________is the scientific study of what previous civilizations has been left behind.
Tree-ring dating, or dendrochronology, is used to tell the age of woode. _________________
Achaeologists ____________________________look for physical remains of the past by uncovering buildings and artfacts left by people of the past.
Today we have the benefits of scienctific techiques ________________________ _____________________________to test the age of the object when there is no written information to help us.
A source is anything that has survived from some earler _____________time.
Evidense is anything that helps to prove a theory. ______________________
It is based on the fact that the timbers of a tree develope a new growth each year. _______________________________
Prespective is a particular point of view. __________________________
Heritige are all things that we have inherited from previous generations. ______________________ They are in Underlined.
Objacts _____________from the recent past tend to be close to the serface ________________________.
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 5 Spelling Activity.
The place where they work is called a dug _______________or site.
Correct the spelling mistakes. They are in Underlined.
Now they are not!. Find the spelling mistakes yourself.

7. To do this they follow a procedure. The procedure below is all mixed up. Rewrite the bold headings in the correct order.
Excavation begins. Firstly the removal of all rubbish, trees and buildings. They may use bulldozers then picks and shovels. As they get closer to the buried artefacts they dig much more slowly using trowels and brushes. All earth is carefully sifted.
Interpret the findings. All artefacts are classified and archaeologists, anthropologists and other experts put forth theories regarding what the site reveals about the lives of the people and history in general.
What are strata _______________________________________________________________
What is a baulk? ______________________________________________________________
What tools are used to remove the dirt? ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
e. Name two experts who interpret the site. ___________________________________________
f. Name 3 ways to record the artefacts. ______________________________________________
Name 3 ways a site is located. ___________________________________________________
Record all artefacts discovered and their exact location. As each strata and the artefacts they contain are revealed, they are carefully recorded using photographs, survey maps, notes and sketches. Each artefact is tagged and numbered with a location and description.
Survey Trenches are dug to see how far down the site goes. The site contains layers. These layers are called strata. A wall that shows these strata is called a baulk.
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Survey the site. Measure it and draw up a site plan. The site is divided into a grid so the site can be excavated systematically.
What is a dig? _____________________________________________________________
Locate the site. Sites are found by accident, following written or physical clues, aerial and satellite photography, using locating technology like sonar, radar and magnetic surveys.
Get permission to dig from the government and gain funding. Isolate the site as important.
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 7 Archaeology Activity.
Preserve the artefacts. Each site has a team of conservators.
Archaeologists work at an excavation site - A dig!
Publish the findings in a site report.
Answer the following

8. Many shipwrecks in shallow water have already been discovered and often looted. Many discoverers were only interested in finding gold and other valuables. Others, however, e.g. the “Mary Rose” off the English coast, has been found largely intact. They have provided a wealth of information to archaeologists, historians and the general public.
Australia with its vast coastline is the sad source of many shipwrecks. Even our own Central Coast has many known and unknown shipwrecks. We have only just found the missing Japanese submarine off Long Reef after over 50 years of searching.
The world under the sea has always had a fascination for historians. It has only been in recent years that people have found ways to get to the bottom. Some areas of the world’s oceans being over 8 kilometres in depth. The Marianas Trench off the Philippines being the deepest known ocean area on the earth’s surface.
Should shipwrecks be left as a grave or stripped for valuables? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Who should the valuables belong to and why? ___________________________________________________________________
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_________ The ship 'Effort' came ashore on Cabbage Tree - there were 5 dead, of which 4 were convicts and one sailor.
_________ 20 Chinese bodies were washed ashore at Pelican Point. They were buried nearby in the sand and for years later the skulls and bones of other people from the shipwreck were washed up on the beach.
The major shipwreck found was the “Sydney”. An Australian battleship that disappeared of the Western Australian coast in late There was much mystery as she was lost with all crew. Conspiracy theories flow thick and fast.
Shipwrecks on the Central Coast Put the following dates in correct order on this timeline
_________ Hawkesbury River bridge connected Sydney to Newcastle by rail. Prior to that travel had been by boat, horseback and some rail tracks. This saw an increase in the following businesses: Timber, Fishing, Oysters and Real Estate
It has been only in the last 50 years that many of the secrets of the “deep” have been revealed. The global excitement at the discovery of the Titanic, being a prime example of how modern technologies have made these discoveries possible. The extent of major discoveries that will be made in your lifetime can only be guessed at.
_________ 'Esperanza' of Melbourne went down off Bird Island. 10crew died and only 1 survived.
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 8 Underwater Archaeology Activity
_________ Sarah Dent' from Newcastle went down with all 5 on board.
_________ E,J. Hargreaves and his wife moved to Norahville.
_________ Bridge built between Toukley and Gorokan.
_________ Cereus wrecked off Bungary Beach.
_________ Norah Head lighthouse.
_________ Lakes Surf Club built

9. When we learn about the past, we start to understand the relationships between ________________ and groups in the past - for example, how they lived, how they ________________themselves, what they believed in and why their conflicts arose. We see how people and their actions may have been influenced by political situations or _________________issues and by the attitudes and values of their societies. This knowledge helps us to _____________ how cultures and societies have developed to become what they are today.
We also learn that_____________ in the past did not always have the same_______________ and values that we have in modern Australia. Our world has changed over time. Some changes have led to ________________ and improvement in people's lives. Others have made the world ___________ off than before Clearly, the people who lived and the events that occurred throughout history have shaped our present. An understanding of history can help us to _________________ our future for the better and avoid repeating the _________________of earlier generations.
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To improve our understanding of the past, it often helps to learn also about the roles of ______________________ people within it. Source shows you images of individual people who, for one reason or another, could be labeled as `significant' for the they made __________________________to past events or ways of life. Some of these people are significant because of what they did with their power, influence and wealth; others for their ideas; and some for their_________________.
History includes the ___________of all peoples of past times and places.
study individuals governed economic understand people progress attitudes worse shape mistakes significant contribution actions
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 9 History is about People Activity
For each person. Write down what you know about them.
Fill in the blanks
Neil Armstrong
Jesus Christ
Captain Cook
Cleopatra

10. Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 10 Castle Family Tree
In what year did Ann Todd Die? _____________________
For how many years were Ann Todd and William Castle married?
How many children did they have? ______________________
How many of the children died before the age of five? ________
How do we know that the youngest son lived till at least 51 years of age? ________________________________________
The answers to the these questions come from the bottom of the tree.
John Castle (born in 1869) married Jane Adams. True of False
Did John and Jane Castle live close to their parents? Yes or No
How many children did Jane Castle Adamson have? _____________
Were they both boys? What were their names? _________________
How old was their second son when he got married? _____________
What was David Castle (born 1895) wife’s maiden (unmarried) name? __________________________
What was his sister in laws’ maiden name? _____________________
Did William Castle (born 1894) have any children? ________________
How old was David Castle when his first son (John) was born? ______
Did John Castle (born 1920) have a sister? Yes or No.
John Castle married Susan Thomas on 18th June True or False
William Castle married Theresa White on 19th July True or False
William Castle was 3 years older than his sister. True or False
Do you notice anything unusual about the two daughters of William and Theresa Castle? _____________________________________
Grace Castle on the 4th August 1970 became Grace _____________.
Elizabeth Castle on the 15th Sept 1971 became Elizabeth _____________.
John and Susan Castle had three children. True or False.
Shirley Castle married John Pearson when she was 25 years old. True or False
Michael and Jill Castle were married on the ________________
Who is the only person to carry on the family name CASTLE? _____________________________
How many generations are shown on this family tree? _____________
What names are repeated many times? Explain why. _____________
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Castle Family Tree
The answers to the these questions come from the top of the tree.
What is the surname of this family. ________
The oldest members of this family were born in Australia. True of False.
What is the name of the son of David and Elizabeth Castle. ______________________
Was their son born in Australia? Yes or No. Where and When? ________________
How old was Ann Todd when she married William Castle? __________________________
DAVID CASTLE – ELIZABETH ?
of Keynsham, of Keysham,
England England
WILLIAM
of Lake Farm, Newtown
B : 1845 Keynsham, England
D : 16 Aug 1897, Newtown
Ann Todd (born 1845, died 10 Sept 1897)
- Married in Newtown 10 Aug 1867
DAVID
B : 6 June 1868
D : 10 July 1872
JOHN
B : 4 April 1869
D : 18 Jan 1925
- Jane Adamson,
Newtown,
22 June 1892
MARGARET
B : 1871
D : 1873
ANN
B : 1872
D : 1872
ANN
B : 1873
(No more
Information)
WILLIAM B : 1874
D : ?
Farmer
(Present at
his brother’s
Funeral in 1925)
WILLIAM
B : 1894, Townsville
D : 1948, Townsville
- Agnes Lawson
(No children)
DAVID
B : 3 Sept 1895, Townsville D : 2 Jan 1944, Townsville
- Mary Adams, Townsville
On 5 may 1918
JOHN
B : 8 June 1920 Townsville
- Susan Thomas
Of Mereside
18 June 1945
WILLIAM
B : 13 Jan 1922, Townsville
- Teresa White
of Highcliff,
19 July 1947
MARY
B : 2 Feb 1924,
Townsville
Unmarried
SHIRLEY
B : 2 Dec 1946
- John Pearson
6 June 1971
MICHAEL
B : 14 Aug 1948
- Jill Watling
18 July 1972
GRACE
B : 4 Oct 1949
- David Cole
4 Aug 1970
ELIZABETH
B : 4 Oct 1949
- Peter Anson
15 Sept 1971
JOHN
B : 4 Nov 1974

11. Our heritage can be in something printed or written, it can be a place, building or object. It is something that gives us a real link to the past, evidence of our origins and an understanding of what a unique thing it is to be Australian.
Natural hertige ______________________ – which refers to places in the natural enviromment _______________________ that have been relatively untouched by humans, such as the Great Barrier Reaf. ________
A legasy ____________________is something that is handed down from people who lived in the past or that is a result of past events.
Culturel ________________heritage, which refers to buildings and other things from the past that have been made by humans, such as the Great Wall of Chine ____________________.
heritage a belief or custom that has been handed down through generations
Hertage ________________ is the culture, traddition __________________and things passed from generation to generation
All around the world, significant parts of our cultural heritage are threatenned by polution, neglects, carelessness and greed. _________________________ ____________________
memoir refers to things that have been handed down to the present from the past
tradition the process of preserving something either by keeping it in its existing state, restoring it to its original state or adapting it to a new use which still protects its cultural significance
A ‘place’ must meet certain standards to be officially recognised as part of our heritage.
document a person’s written record of his her own life and experiences
An organisation call the Australian Heritage Commission keeps a record of these places..
The United Nations Educashion, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has been working for the past forty years to protect the world’s culturel heritage. _______________________ _______________________
Consersation means taking action to ensure places and objects which have played an important role in history of a particular group, or soceity or in the history of the world. ________________________ ______________________
In learning history, we understand the need to protect significant remains of the past
conservation a body of people born in the same ten-year time span
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 11 Heritage Activity
generation anything that is written, usually on paper
Our history is our heritage and explains the way we live now.
Heritage means anything that comes to us from the past.
Now they are not!. Find the spelling mistakes yourself.
Correct the spelling mistakes They are in Underlined.
There are two types of hertge: __________________
for future generatons. _________________________
Australian heritage has four main features;
traditional Aboriginal heritage
Match the word to the meaning
multicultural heritage.
What is Heritage?
natural heritage
British heritage

12. Northlakes High was born in 1981 with 325 students and a handful of demountables. The conditions were appalling. The school resembled a junkyard. It was one enormous mud pool. Students were expected to work in incomplete classrooms while trees fell around them and bulldozers roared past.. There were no weather shelters and power was supplied by a huge generater which constantly churned every minute of the day making it impossible for teachers and students to hear themselves think.
Tractors, bulldozers, graders and holes, holes and more holes. One step our of place and one would have been buried – no one would have missed you! Then came the fain, for days – no, for weeks! We had inbuilt swimming pools. No power, no water, no phone. Well, we did have a ‘sort of’ phone – it was hanging on a tree across the road and where, in 1982/83, the Ag shed stood. When it rang, I had to run across the road to answer it! This went on for about a month, then Telecom decided to fix a line for us – strung across the road through the trees. This idea was great until the first bus arrived the next morning! Back to square one – no phone. The line was too low!
Power! Now that was another story. We had a generator under a building and another small one on the path outside the Administration Block to boil the billy on – not the greatest conditions for anyone to work under. Our library, of which Phil Whitehead was librarian, had no books. He received a small 4”x2” book of the birds – the feathered kind. It was used quite a bit as his books were somewhere on the high seas. I doubt if anyone knows of our two budding musicians – Barry Sneddon and Alan O’Donaghue, who taught music in the early days to make up their periods. Wooden gazoos were the only instruments and they were made in woodwork classes. You had to blow very hard to evoke any response. At first there were no holes in them but they came later.
Appeals were made to the department of Education and newspapers reported on the atrocious conditions. They reported strongly that human beings deserved better. It was described as the “state’s worst school”. The neglect of Northlakes had to be noticed. One newspaper described Northlakes as ‘reminiscent of an isolated community set deep in the heart of a thick jungle’
Some weeks later, Northlakes received its first roll of toilet paper, a small pocket-sized canteen and the library received seventy books to occupy shelves. At that time, art students painted on the painted walls with mud, English students studied the abusive language from the on-site workers, Geography students studied the flow of the water that constantly flooded the school and P.E. and sport students participated in a rather original, newly established sport, commonly known as “bulldozer dodging”.
After weeks of stirring at the Department of Education, the site was inspected and departmental officials were amazed at what they saw. Northlakes received a little of the action it had been promised and before long Northlakes became a recognised, respectable school. Northlakes pulled itself out of this hole and achieved more in twelve months that other Central Coast High Schools could achieve in many years. Achievements were made, both in the academic and sporting fields.
Eventually, Northlakes was to become an established high school, with permanent buildings This in itself is expected to relieve students of a large amount of pressure that exists in an old, run-down, demountable jungle. The new school would provide them with the vital preparation for the advancing years. It must be realised though, that it is not the construction of the buildings that determines a high school’s wealth, but an inner strength that lies well within the hearts and souls of the teaching staff and students, the willing and the not-so-willing
Year 7 Hist – Investigating the Past- Lesson 12 Memoirs of Northlakes High Activity