1. Chapter 29 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Unit 4
Chapter 29
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Chapter 29
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

3. Lesson 1
Preventing STD’s

4. STD’s: The Silent Epidemic
Epidemic – is and outbreak of an infectious disease that affects large population
About 20 million new cases of STD’s are reported in America each year (CDC)
STD’s are often called the “Silent Epidemic”

5. STD’s and Adolescents
Having more than one sexual partner rather that committing to a single, long-term relationship
Engaging in unprotected sex
Selecting partners at higher risk, history of multiple sex partners
Drugs and alcohol lower inhibitions

6. STD’s and Your Future
Some STD’s cause Sterility (the inability to reproduce)
Infants born to mothers with STD’s can be infected at birth and suffer consequences such as blindness, and deformities
Individuals with STD’s are at a greater risk to develop cancer and acquire AIDS

7. Practicing Abstinence
Having sex during the teen years can lead to other unwanted consequences as well, including and unplanned or unintentional pregnancy and the responsibility of becoming a parent
Abstinence – the conscious decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

8. Lesson 2
Common STD’s and Their Treatments

9. Chlamydia
Chlamydia – is an infection caused by a bacterium that affects the vagina in females and the urethra in males
Symptoms – (male) pain and burning during urination, unusual discharge from the penis
Symptoms – (female) symptoms not always obvious, may include discharge from the vagina, pain in the pelvic region, and painful urination
Can lead to nongonococcal urethritis
Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

10. Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea – caused by bacteria that affect the genital mucous membrane, primarily in the lining of the urethra of the male and in the cervix and vagina of the female
Symptoms – are not always obvious, especially in females, female symptoms may include: a slight discharge from the vagina, burning sensation during urination, abnormal menstruation, and abdominal pain
Symptoms – males: whitish discharge from the penis and burning sensation during urination, lymph nodes in the groin may also become enlarged and tender

11. Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis – is a vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and bladder infections
Males are rarely affected by trichomoniasis, but they can be carriers

12. Genital Warts
Genital warts – are pink or reddish warts with cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the genitals
Once infected the person has the virus for the rest of his or her life
Known to cause cervical cancer in women

13. Genital Herpes
Genital herpes – appears as a blister-like sores in the genital area
There is no cure for the herpes virus
Symptoms include fever and burning sensation during urination
Virus may spread to other areas of the body

14. Syphilis
Syphilis – is an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium
Dangerous because syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms may appear then go away. The carrier thinks that they are ok, when in fact they are in serious medical danger
Symptoms – damage to vital organs, such as the heart, the liver, the kidneys, and the central nervous system. It can cause heart disease, blindness, paralysis, and insanity

15. Stages of Syphilis
Primary Stage: a chancre sore appears on the genitals, that is painless and reddish in color. Sore lasts 1 to 5 weeks then goes away if left untreated
Secondary Stage: if untreated, pathogen circulates in the blood. Within 1 to 6 months a non-itching rash appears on the chest, backs of the arms, and legs. In females rash most commonly found on the outer edges of the vagina
Latent Stage: begins about 2 to 3 years from infection. All signs disappear, disease attacks the heart, blood vessels and central nervous system
Neurosyphilis Stage: happens 10 to 30 years from infection, heart, brain, and spinal cord affected. Inability to control muscular coordination, blindness, or insanity. May experience convulsions and paralysis

16. Other STD’s Chancroid Candidiasis Pubic Lice Scabies Hepatitis B, C
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is the virus that causes AIDS

17. Responsibilities of Infected Persons
Seek treatment
Inform all future sexual partners of any disease that you may have contracted
Sexual protection through the use of latex condoms or other protective devices

18. Chapter 30
HIV and AIDS

19. Lesson 1
HIV Infection

20. AIDS and HIV
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – is the final stage of the infection of the HIV virus. Destroys the immune system that fights off disease
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – is a virus hat attacks the body’s immune system

21. HIV and the Body
Attacks the body’s lymphocytes that are responsible for removing foreign bacteria and viruses from the body
Destroys these lymphocytes and the body loses the ability to fight off disease

22. How HIV Is Transmitted
HIV is transmitted by the passing of body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

23. Risk Behaviors Known to Transmit HIV
Use of needles for intravenous drug use
Unprotected sexual intercourse
Blood transfusions
Pregnant women can pass the disease to the child by way of the umbilical chord

24. Teenagers at Risk HIV infection among teens is on the rise
AIDS is now the leading cause of death in 25 – 44 year olds. Most of these deaths came from people who were infected as teens
AIDS is now the leading cause of death for women in 15 of the largest cities in the U.S.

25. Lesson 2
Treatment for HIV-Related Illnesses and AIDS

26. HIV Testing
If you are involved in high risk sexual or drug related behavior, you should get tested
EIA – is a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood
Confirmatory Test – follows the EIA test, a accurate test used to confirm the results of a reactive EIA test

27. Symptoms of HIV Infection
Asymptomatic Stage : a period of months or years during which the virus is present on the blood but there are no symptoms or signs of the disease
Symptomatic Stage : include fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands (may be mistaken for the flu)

28. Diagnosis of AIDS
AIDS is a disorder associated with the last stages of HIV
Diagnosed when the body’s T-Cell count falls below 200
Person dies from other infectious diseases such as flu, cancer, bronchitis, or other serious illnesses (AIDS-OIs)

29. Common AIDS-OIs Mycobacterium Avium Complex Cryptococcosis
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
Toxoplasmosis Gondii
Cytomegalovirus
AIDS-Related Cognitive Motor Dysfunction
Peripheral Nerve/ Spinal Cord Dysfunction

30. Research and Treatment
Research for a vaccine is on going
There is no current cure for HIV, which will ultimately cause death
Protease inhibitors, Zidovudine (AZT) and 3TC have reduced the amount of HIV virus produced by the body, but they are not a cure!

31. Obstacles to Research and Treatment
HIV is a retrovirus which is difficult to combat
Lack of appropriate animal models to experiment vaccines on
Affordability of treatment – the HIV Cocktail is very expensive

32. AIDS Education
AIDS is pandemic which means that it’s outbreak is world wide
Education on how the disease is spread and preventative measures could help slow the spread of AIDS

33. Abstinence and HIV/AIDS
Staying away form sexual activity and drug use is the only full-proof method of preventing contracting HIV
Choose your relationships carefully
Learn and practice refusal skills
Be informed of your partners past sexual history
Inform your partner of your past sexual history