2. 1929-1939 Stock market crash Didn’t realize the effect it would have No money to replenish what was borrowed Many found being broke humiliating.

3. The Roaring 20’s The new concept of “credit” People were buying: –Automobiles –Appliances –Clothes Fun times reigned –Dancing –Flappers –Drinking

4. Why was this bad? Credit system –People didn’t really have the money they were spending WWI –The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need –Many of these nations could not pay us back

5. The Stock Market People bought stocks on margins –If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose Stocks fall –Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

6. And then…. With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks –This leads to a huge decline in stocks –Stocks were worthless now People who bought on “margins” now could not pay Investors were average people that were now broke

7. Causes of Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929 and collapse of stock prices Federal Reserve failed to prevent collapse of banking system leading to less money in circulation Hawley-Smoot Act and lack of trade

8. Strangling World Trade Tariff Act of 1930 –Hawley-Smoot Act High protective tariffs caused other countries to tax our goods

9. Herbert Hoover was president at the start Philosophy: We’ll make it! What He Did: Nothing The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming

10. Farmers were already feeling the effects –Prices of crops went down –Many farms foreclosed People could not afford luxuries –Factories shut down –Businesses went out Banks could not pay out money People could not pay their taxes –Schools shut down due to lack of funds Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

12. Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

13. People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

14. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

15. “Hooverville” Some families were forced to live in shanty towns –A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

18. A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops. “The Dust Bowl”

19. The South Was Buried Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out Homes buried Fields blown away South in state of emergency Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

21. Two Families During the Depression

22. A Farm Foreclosure

23. Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts like baskets.

24. Impact of the Depression Unemployment and homelessness Collapse of the financial system (bank closings) Decline in demand for goods Political unrest (growing militancy of labor unions) Farm foreclosures and migration

25. *FDR* When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million. Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed Instated the “New Deal”

26. People everywhere were affected by the depression President Roosevelt tried to put the economy back together –people saw a glimmer of hope

27. The New Deal Government is more active in solving problems Created agencies to help the economy Focused on “Relief, Recovery, and Reform.”

28. Relief Programs provided direct payment to people for immediate help –WPA—Works Progress Administration Created jobs employing millions Built public buildings, roads, bridges, etc.

29. Recovery Programs designed to bring nation out of depression over time –AAA –Agricultural Adjustment Administration Controlled the supply of seven basic crops Paid farmers to leave fields empty

30. Reform Tried to correct unsound banking and investment practices –FDIC—Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Insured the money people put into banks Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers

31. Legacy of The New Deal It influenced the public’s belief in the responsibility of the government to: –Deliver public services –Intervene in the economy –Act in ways that “promote the general welfare”

33. Major Historical Happenings... Jim Crow Laws Scottsboro Trials Recovering from the Great Depression Racial Injustice Poor South

34. Jim Crow Laws After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws.American Civil War These laws included segregation in… –Schools-- Hospitals –Theaters-- Water fountains –Restaurants –Hotels –Public transportation –Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

35. These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950’s (even then still not completely).

36. 9 young African- American men (12- 20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931 Immediately sentenced to death Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed

37. Started on a train bound for Memphis Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. The white men reported the the black men had raped two white girls on the train to authorities They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

38. The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.

40. Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960 Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote

41. The character of “Dill,” Scout and Jem’s playmate in the novel was based upon Lee’s actual neighbor, Truman Capote Capote is famous for amongst other things, In Cold Blood and Breakfast at Tiffany’s. It has been said that he gave Lee Mockingbird as a gift.

42. In 1962 the novel was turned into a film starring Gregory Peck. It received a humanitarian award and several Academy Award nominations