1.  Increase in spending led to large profits so… › Wages increased › Encourages more spending

2.  INSTALLMENT PLAN › Partial payments over a set period of time › Interest charges ranged from 11% to 40%

3.  GREAT!!! › Climbing stock market › Increase consumer confidence › Labor stability

4. Rich got Richer Corporation vs Small Businesses Rich families (over $100,000) =.1% Poor fams (<$2500) = 71% CREDIT SPENDING  INCREASE IN PERSONAL DEBT

5.  Mergers led to reduced competition.  200 companies owned 50 % of nation’s wealth  When one company went bankrupt… huge impact on economy and society  86,000 businesses failed  wages were decreased by an average of 60%  unemployment rate from 9% to 25%  about 15 million jobless

6. STOCK SPECULATION - people would buy and sell stocks quickly to make a quick buck  b/c of all this buying & selling, stock value increased › (Ex: G.E stock $130  $396/share)

7.  Who did they need to attract? › HOW?  Investors only had to pay for 10% of the stock's actual value at time of purchase  If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose › balance was paid at a later date

8.  High interest rates  Demand payment anytime  If stocks fall then don’t have money to pay back  Stocks go up  Borrowers sell at high price  Pay off › Loan › Interest › + make extra $$$ The good The bad

9.  BUILDS UP!  PRODUCTIVITY GOES UP!  PROSPERITY AND WEALTH INCREASE BUT……this doesn’t last

10.  Productivity Problems? › Too much › Overstocked warehouses  Held more goods then consumers were buying. › Led to Increase in Unemployment

11. FARMERS: Lower farm prices  Farmers unable to pay off debts for land and machinery FACTORY WORKERS: Bad conditions, wages still not good enough

12.  BLACK TUESDAY, Oct. 29th, 1929 - NYC Stock market crashed, causing a depression that would last until 1942

13.  Loss of confidence  Uneven wealth  Rising debt  Stock speculation  Overproduction  Hardships of farmers and factory workers

14.  all tried to sell stock at once and bottom fell out of market = panic selling… (many bankruptcies as banks called in loans)  16.4mill sold vs. the avg 4-8mill

15. 1. Risky Loans Hurt Banks  Banks earned profit on interest they earned from loans  Gave loans to high risk businesses who could not pay them back

16. 2. Consumers Borrowing  Took loans out of bank and could not pay them back 3. Bank Runs  PPL feared banks would run out of $$$ led to Banks Closing

17. 4. Bank Failures  Unpaid loans and banks runs  Banks Closing. - Over 5500 failed in a few yrs 5. Savings Wiped Out  By 1933 9million savings accounts vanished

18. 6. Cuts in Production  Businesses can’t borrow $$$ to produce goods.  No $$$ to produce or buy 7. Rise in Unemployment  As businesses cut production - Lay offs increase - Unemployment increases

19. 8. Further cuts in production  As unemployment increases, income decreases, consumers spend less, and production decreased more.

21.  Farmers were already feeling the effects › Prices of crops went down › Many farms foreclosed  People could not afford luxuries › Factories shut down › Businesses went out  Banks could not pay out money  People could not pay their taxes › Schools shut down due to lack of funds  Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

26.  Some families were forced to live in shanty towns › A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots  They were referred to as “ Hooverville ” because of President Hoover ’ s lack of help during the depression.

28. 1931-1940

29. “The Dust Bowl”

31.  Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out  Homes buried  60% lost their farms  Many moved  South in state of emergency  Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

37.  didn't believe gov't should play an active role in the economy  persuaded bankers/business to follow his policy of VOLUNTARY NON - COERCIVE COOPERATION › Promise to keep wage rates › End of 1931 most got pay cuts

38.  Democrats in Congress passed a high tariff (Hawley-Smoot Tariff) to protect U.S. industry › hoped to stimulate purchasing of U.S. goods  this turned out to be a fatal error...  Congress did not understand that the world had become a GLOBAL ECONOMY  in retaliation other countries passed high tariffs and no foreign markets purchased American goods, so U.S. productivity decreased again PLAN BACKFIRES

39.  he persuaded Congress to establish the RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION › had power to make emergency loans to banks but it was too little too late…  Hoover wouldn't involve himself in any programs where the government directly provides aid to individuals › He didn't want to erode Americans sense of "RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM"

40. HHoover was increasingly unpopular, but he continued to try...  he persuaded Congress to establish the RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION hhad power to make emergency loans to banks bbut it was too little too late… aand Hoover wouldn't involve himself in any programs of direct gov'tal aid to individuals -didn't want to erode Americans sense of "RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM"

41. 1932 ELECTION  1 out of 4 was unemployed…  nat'l income was 50% of what it had been in 1929  Repubs. nominated Hoover  no hope  winner by a landslide = FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (Dem - N.Y. governor)

42. “This campaign is more than a contest between two men. It is more than a contest between two parties. It is a contest between two philosophies of government.” - What is this saying about Hoover & FDR? - Their political ideologies? - How was the federal government’s role going to change?

43. FDR: Keynesian or "pump priming" economics - Based on beliefs of economist John Maynard Keynes - Money should be invested in people, the working class - Then, spending would increase with new money in circulation, then businesses would expand to meet the new demand and hire new workers Hoover: supply side or "trickle down" economics - Money was to be invested at top, in business - Then, businesses would expand, hire new workers and in turn, spur on spending and further economic growth http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_New_Deal.htm

44. Painting Grant Wood American Gothic

45. Literature

46. Of Mice and Men

48. Literature/Cinema Margaret Mitchell

53. Frances Perkins Sec. of Labor

54. Eleanor Roosevelt A woman is like a tea bag- you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water. Great minds discuss ideas; Average minds discuss events; Small minds discuss people. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. It is not fair to ask of others what you are unwilling to do yourself. I could not at any age be content to take my place in a corner by the fireside and simply look on.

58. TheFirst From his inauguration in March through June 1933 FDR pushed Programs through Congress to provide relief, create jobs and stimulate the economy

59. 1. Relief Immediate action to halt economy’s deterioration 2. Recovery "Pump - Priming" Temporary programs to restart flow of consumer demand 3. Reform Permanent programs to avoid another depression & insure citizens against economic disasters

60.  Bank Holiday › Closed all banks for inspection › Reopened “safe” banks (some with loans)  Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) › Direct loans to people to prevent foreclosures  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) › Jobs building roads, plants trees, soil erosion  Civilian Works Administration (CWA) › Jobs building bridges, causeways, hospitals

61.  Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) › Jobs building factories & dams (elec. to farms)  Works Progress Administration (WPA) › Work for artists & build roads, libraries, schl.  National Recovery Act (NIRA) › Priced products, set min. wage, work condit.  Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) › Paid to reduce crops, unseeded acres, plow under crops/kill animals

62.  Security & Exchange Commission (SEC) › Watch stock market – no fraud / insider trading  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) › Insured all bank accounts to $5,000  National Labor Relations Act / Board (NLRA/B) › Wagner Act – fair business (no monopolies)  Social Security (SS) › Today’s workers pay for today’s retirees

63. “Share the Wealth” - Socialist - Guaranteed $5,000 to all - Take millionaire’s $ and divide - Everyone gets car, house, radio - “Every man a king” - Shot and killed in 1935

64. - More economic & political talks on radio than religious - Supported FDR in 1932 - Economic reform = anti-comm. & anti-capit. - Supported fascism - Anti-semitic (nickname) - Isolationist - Silenced

65. State Gov’t to Regulate Intrastate Business… Hurt small business Congress Can’t Regulate agr

66. Changing the Supreme Court…. WHY???

69. PROS - Unemploy. decreased - Increased income - Preserved resources - Cushion for elderly/sick - Supported unions - Ensured bank safety CONS - National debt increased - Doubled fed. Bureaucracy - Didn’t increase small business activity

70. Set a precedent that the federal government is responsible for the economic welfare of the people

71. “You have nothing to fear, except fear itself”

72.  Evaluate the effectiveness of FDR’s NEW DEAL legislation. Look at: impact both short and long term. What should have been done differently? Are there any lessons that Barack Obama should specifically learn from FDR, in your opinion? How has this recession impacted or how will impact you in the long run?