1. THE BRITISH TAKE OVER INDIA “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire!”

2. East India Company and Rebellion  For 200 years Mughal rulers governed a powerful Indian Empire  The British East India Company gained trading rights on the fringe of the Mughal Empire  As the Empire declined, the company’s influence grew  Controlled 3/5 of India by mid 1800s

3. Cont  India was home to many different people and cultures  British encouraged competition and disunity  British goal was to make money  Did help to modernize: roads, end caste system, slavery and social change

4. Growing Discontent  Required Sepoys – Indian soldiers to fight  Travel was against Hindu religion  Allowed Hindu widows to remarry  Christian conspiracy against beliefs  New Rifles required bite the tips off cartridges  Greased with animal fat – against religion

5. Rebellion and Aftermath  Sepoy Rebellion – Rose up against the British and proclaimed last Mughal ruler as leader  British crush the rebellion  Left legacy of fear, hatred, and mistrust  British remove East India Company and place directly under the British Crown  Taxed Indians for the placement of troops there

6. Impact of British Colonial Rule  Controlled by a Viceroy – Ruled in the name of the Queen  British officials held other top positions  Became the “Crown Jewel” of the Empire  British claimed helping India to Modernize  Forced them to adopt Western technology and culture

7. Unequal Partnership  India was a market and source of raw material  Better health care farming methods increased population = strain on food supply  Positives:  Peace  Revised legal system  Transportation  Schools  Military

8. Different Views on Culture  Indian Attitudes:  Ram Mohun Roy – founder of Indian Nationalism Valued Western education but wanted to reform traditional Indian culture  Western Attitudes:  Some respected Indian theology, philosophy and culture  Others thought should be eliminated and focus on English and westernization

9. Indian Nationalism Grows  Western educated Indians led a Nationalist movement  Form the Indian National Congress (INC)  Peaceful protest to gain ends  Looked to eventual self-rule, but supported Western Modernization  Muslim League  Grew to resent Hindu domination  Thought a Hindu government would oppress Muslims  Formed Muslim League and began talking of a separate State