1. Prepared for Enterprise Community Partners

2. Enterprise Community Partners | 2GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Learning Objectives Identify 3 top areas for energy loss in buildings Identify 3 top energy reduction measures Understand how to evaluate energy usage information to track energy performance Identify 2 core mechanical systems maintenance practices

3. Enterprise Community Partners | 3GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation What’s True: Myth Or Reality Upgrading windows are a good energy investment? –False, window replacement is often very costly and has limited potential to save energy when compared to other energy conservation efforts Air sealing holes is only effective in a heating climate? –False, air sealing can also provide benefits in cooling climates when cool air escapes from a building Using CFL bulbs in the only effective lighting improvement –False, a range of other controls to help ensure lights turn on when not needed can also produce significant benefits

4. Enterprise Community Partners | 4GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation What’s True: Myth Or Reality Adding solar panels to the roof is the greenest thing we can do to the building. –False – adding renewable energy to a building where energy performance hasn’t been evaluated and improved means you may only be generating enough energy to cover the energy you’re wasting. Turning off things that are plugged in means I’m not using any energy. –False, anything that’s plugged in draws a phantom load so it’s still using energy even though its “off”.

5. Enterprise Community Partners | 5GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Why Windows Are Not A Great Investment “Typical” % of total envelope area for a 5-story building Walls 60% Roof 20% Windows* 15% Basement 3% Doors 2% *Windows are a small % of the envelope & have limited potential R value improvement **This is dependant on your climate, but only varies from 1.5-3.5 TypicalRecommended (R-Value: the measure of thermal resistance) R-11 R-30 R-1.5 R-9 R-1.5 R-21 R-49 R-3** R-13 R-3**

6. Enterprise Community Partners | 6GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Think Of The Building As A System Nina Mettler: The building consists of an envelope – Walls, floors, windows, roofs, doors But also equipment: – Elevators, lights, boilers, domestic hot water heaters, chillers, air conditioners, motors, plumbing, etc. And all of which are connected to the most important part of the system – The building occupants!

7. Enterprise Community Partners | 7GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation What About Grandma’s House? What About Grandma’s House?

8. Enterprise Community Partners | 8GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Building Energy Loss: Stack Effect Buildings lose energy through Stack Effect. Air pushes in through holes at the bottom and drives conditioned air out the top.

9. Enterprise Community Partners | 9GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Where Is There Energy Loss?

10. Enterprise Community Partners | 10GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Building Energy Loss: Infiltration & Ventilation –Air movement in and out of conditioned spaces –Stack and wind effects, shafts & by-passes –Exhaust & supply fans It’s all in the envelope

11. Enterprise Community Partners | 11GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation What Wastes The Most Energy In My Building? What Wastes The Most Energy In My Building?

12. Enterprise Community Partners | 12GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Drop Ceiling CO2 Contributes to Climate Change, Affecting... Common Energy Hogs: Building Envelope COLD Roof Windows Wall Penetration HOT –Non-insulated roof –Broken windows –Single-pane windows –Poor air-sealing

13. Enterprise Community Partners | 13GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation CO2 Contributes to Climate Change, Affecting... Common Energy Hogs: Building Equipment –Non-insulated piping in basement –Leaks (steam, water) –Inefficient or oversized boiler/burner –Poor heating control equipment –Poor heating distribution: balancing problems –Incandescent lighting –Obsolete refrigerators –DC motor in elevators Leaking Pump

14. Enterprise Community Partners | 14GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation CO2 Contributes to Climate Change, Affecting... Common Energy Hogs: Lighting –Common area lighting on 24 hours a day –Occupant behavior and poor use of equipment Controls are not set properly: typically generates overheating Windows opens during winter time Apartment lights on 24 hours a day Lack of maintenance on mechanical equipment Over-lit Hallway

15. Enterprise Community Partners | 15GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Top Energy Reduction Strategies 1.Air Sealing Holes/Cracks 2.Lighting & Efficient Appliances/Products 3.Increased Efficiency of Heating & Domestic Hot Water (DHW) 4.Improved Insulation 5.Increased Efficiency of Motors & Pumps

16. Enterprise Community Partners | 16GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Major Home Energy Usage Air Sealing

17. Enterprise Community Partners | 17GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation OutletPlumbing Penetration Major Home Energy Usage Common Air Sealing Opportunities –Electrical penetrations –Plumbing penetrations –Window framing –Wall to floor connection –Doors and vestibules –Basement ceiling –In unit ventilation grills –Radon Check concentration before sealing

18. Enterprise Community Partners | 18GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Reading an Electricity or Natural Gas Bill Reading An Electricity Or Natural Gas Bill Data Source: California Energy Commission Doors 13% Windows 12% Central Shafts 16% Electric Outlets 2% Plumbing Penetrations 15% Fans & Vents 5% Floors, Walls, and Ceilings 36%

19. Enterprise Community Partners | 19GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation General Air Sealing Guidelines Gaps ≤ 1/4 " Caulk Gaps 1/4 " – 3 " Spray foam Other Foam board, fiberglass in plastic bags, etc.

20. Enterprise Community Partners | 20GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Air Leakage: Compartmentalization Helps Cardinal Care Covers meant for safety but helps in air sealing.

21. Enterprise Community Partners | 21GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Why You Shouldn’t Open Windows in Winter Air Conditioner Sleeves: Cover Big Holes

22. Enterprise Community Partners | 22GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Ways To Save Energy Holes From Pipe & Plumbing Penetrations

23. Enterprise Community Partners | 23GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Sealing Below Bathtub AfterBefore

24. Enterprise Community Partners | 24GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How a smart strip surge protector works Lighting & Appliances

25. Enterprise Community Partners | 25GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Lighting Can be the highest electricity usage and cost –For some buildings it’s 40% of the cost. Fluorescents use 1/3 of the energy used by incandescent lighting and last 10 times longer Retrofitting apartment and common area lights could save 10–20% Before you retrofit, beware of: –Code minimums –Retrofit vs. Replace –Rewiring

26. Enterprise Community Partners | 26GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Occupancy or motion sensors turn lights on when people enter the area Photo Sensors sense light and turn lights on and off based on light levels inside and out Bi-level lighting dims lights when no one is present –Good for areas where light levels have to be maintained and not off to meet code Lighting: Use Sensors & Bi-level Lighting

27. Enterprise Community Partners | 27GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Occupancy, Photo Sensors & Bi-level Lighting Boiler rooms Storage rooms Garbage rooms Equipment rooms Elevator rooms Slop sink rooms Meter rooms Offices Laundry rooms Apartments Exterior lighting during the day!! Garage lighting

28. Enterprise Community Partners | 28GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Lighting: Poorly Installed Photo Sensor Lens of photo sensor

29. Enterprise Community Partners | 29GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Air Conditioners Specify Energy Star Size to the apartment load. If they are too big, they will cool the room but not remove humidity Cannot put a window unit in a sleeve Sleeve units are less efficient

30. Enterprise Community Partners | 30GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Air Conditioner Covers For window units, they cover and protect the condensing unit while stopping some air leakage. For sleeve units, they also protect the unit and prevent leakage through the sleeve.

31. Enterprise Community Partners | 31GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Energy Star Products/Appliances –Bathroom Fans –Refrigerator –Computer –Window –Kitchen Fans –Air Conditioning Units –Hot Water Heaters –Heating/Cooling Equipment –Dishwasher –Lighting –Dehumidifier –Clothes Washer –Clothes Dryer –Mini fridge –Stove Energy Star Option Available NO Energy Star Option Available

32. Enterprise Community Partners | 32GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Diagnostic Tools: Infrared View hot and cold areas to identify air leakage, moisture problems, leaks, etc. Best used when indoor temperature is different than outside (e.g., winter in heating climate)

33. Enterprise Community Partners | 33GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Diagnostic Tools: Kilowatt Meter Measures appliance energy use

34. Enterprise Community Partners | 34GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Ways to save energy through purchasing HVAC & Domestic Hot Water (DHW) HVAC & Domestic Hot Water (DHW)

35. Enterprise Community Partners | 35GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Replacing Heating & DHW Equipment Specify Energy Star equipment Have the equipment sized to load, make your engineer show the math (Ask for the ACCA Manual J report) Consider DHW storage from boiler or combined DHW/furnace

36. Enterprise Community Partners | 36GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Estimated Energy Savings With New Boilers Source: www.energysavers.gov

37. Enterprise Community Partners | 37GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Heating & DHW Preventative Maintenance Follow manufacturer schedules Check system efficiency –Typical is 75% –Target 85-95% range with new equipment Look for state or utility funding for upgrades at www.dsireusa.org

38. Enterprise Community Partners | 38GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Atmospheric Boilers Can Be Inefficient They are generally less expensive to install Inefficient Loses energy both on and off Cannot control draft Draft losses increase on cold days Very susceptible to backdrafting, spilling carbon monoxide Typically poorly installed, maintained

39. Enterprise Community Partners | 39GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation Modular Boilers/Systems Can Be Inefficient Most are one appliance, not modular Maintaining boiler water temperature probably largest system expense Confusing control equipment Most do not have night setback First cost inexpensive, lifetime expensive

40. Enterprise Community Partners | 40GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Power Vented Or Sealed Combustion Systems Can adjust combustion efficiency Larger ones have multiple firing rates Overall better insulated equipment Reduced draft losses on off cycle More fuel converted to heat in equipment Longer life Fewer pieces of equipment

41. Enterprise Community Partners | 41GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Typical Hot Water Makers Inefficient Short life Can spill or backdraft products of combustion Notorious for carbon monoxide production

42. Enterprise Community Partners | 42GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Alternative Hot Water Small boilers with storage Sealed combustion units with furnace (one piece units) Larger buildings: run off boiler

43. Enterprise Community Partners | 43GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Insulation

44. Enterprise Community Partners | 44GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Insulation May Not Be Properly Installed Blue Infrared Shows Cold Surfaces & Poor Insulation

45. Enterprise Community Partners | 45GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Insulation Target R-Values www.naima.org

46. Enterprise Community Partners | 46GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Insulation: Products & Solutions Use infrared imaging as a method of identifying missing and/or sagging insulation Train and oversee insulation subs Fit insulation in place and cut around plumbing and wiring boxes to fit in place without compression Blanket: batts and rolls –Fiberglass, plastic fiber, mineral wool, natural fiber Spray foam Foam board or rigid foam Loose fill –Fiberglass, cellulose, mineral wool Concrete block insulation Insulating concrete forms (ICFs) Structural insulated panels (SIPs) Solutions:Products:

47. Enterprise Community Partners | 47GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Measuring Blown-In Insulation How much is in that back corner? Staple rulers every 15 feet for even coverage Attic Insulation Source: www.waptac.org

48. Enterprise Community Partners | 48GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Motors & Pumps

49. Enterprise Community Partners | 49GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Motors In Multifamily Buildings Elevator Fans Boiler Pumps Hot Water Pumps Water Booster Pumps Many others specific to your buildings Motors use ½ of all electricity in the US! Specify NEMA Premium rated motors when replacing motors as part of your capital needs planning.

50. Enterprise Community Partners | 50GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Use Efficient Replacement Motors Be sure capital plans specify efficient replacement motors. Download the FREE MotorMaster software: –Go to the link below and search MotorMaster http://www.eere.energy.gov

51. Enterprise Community Partners | 51GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? What Will You Do? What Will You Do… ?

52. Enterprise Community Partners | 52GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? What Will You Do Today? Go to www.dsireusa.org and see what incentives are available in my area.

53. Enterprise Community Partners | 53GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? What Will You Do Next Week?

54. Enterprise Community Partners | 54GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? What Will You Do Next Month?

55. Enterprise Community Partners | 55GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? What Will You Do Next Year?

56. Enterprise Community Partners | 56GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? The Checklist 1. Start with benchmarking energy and water usage 2. Conduct an energy audit –Vow to cut the biggest costs by 20% –Implement the Top 5 Strategies Air sealing Lighting & Appliances HVAC & DHW Insulation Motors & Pumps –Shut off equipment when you’re not using it –Shut off Phantom Loads –Stop using your windows to control heat –Turn the temperature of your heat and hot water down –Turn you’re A/C temperature UP

57. Enterprise Community Partners | 57GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Evaluating Multifamily Buildings Evaluating Multifamily Buildings

58. Enterprise Community Partners | 58GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Energy Audits: Standards & Types Follow ASHRAE and BPI Standards for auditing –BPI is specific to MF buildings Different levels of auditing by increasing complexity –Walkthrough audits –Weatherization audits –Whole building audits –Investment grade audits –Depending on the consultant, you could be provided with a wide range of information

59. Enterprise Community Partners | 59GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Who Can Do An Energy Audit? Building Performance Institute certified: –Multifamily Building Analyst –Building Analyst –Affiliated Organization Certified Energy Manager –Association of Energy Engineers Weatherization Agencies

60. Enterprise Community Partners | 60GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Typical Scope Of Work Boiler replacement –Atmospheric to condensing; separate smaller boiler for DHW Air sealing –Electrical penetrations –Through Wall AC sleeves –Plumbing penetrations –Attics Ventilation balancing & aerosealing for central exhausts –CAR damper installation –Duct cleaning –Roof fan replacement Lighting change –CFLs in the units or LED strips –Bi-level fluorescent lighting in common areas –LED exit signs –Motion sensors wherever applicable

61. Enterprise Community Partners | 61GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Typical Scope Of Work Low-flow faucet aerators and showerheads Thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) and orifices Added insulation to the roof cavity AC covers Energy Star appliances Replace motors with premium efficiency motors Weatherstripping doors

62. Enterprise Community Partners | 62GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Importance Of Training & Tools For Staff Building staff need to understand, know how to operate and optimize the new equipment in their building –Use videos for on-site tools –Importance preventative maintenance and action plan Energy Efficient Building Operator (EEBO) Training –Building Performance Institute (BPI) certification for building operators A push towards building efficiency causes a need for trained operators For more info on the Building Performance Institute: www.BPI.org

63. Enterprise Community Partners | 63GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Construction Management & Quality Control Coordination: construction team project team building occupants building users Blower Door Test

64. Enterprise Community Partners | 64GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Review Learning Objectives Identify 3 top areas for energy loss in buildings Identify 3 top energy reduction measures Understand how to evaluate energy usage information to track energy performance Identify 2 core mechanical systems maintenance practices

65. Enterprise Community Partners | 65GREEN & HEALTHY LIVING: Energy Conservation How did the resident cut their bill in half? Case Studies