1. The Dispute Over Defining Culture Chapter 1
What are the meanings of the following terms?
Culture, race, co-culture, subculture, & subgroup
Give examples of norms or rules of behavior provided by diverse cultures and subgroups

2. Culture Defined
The traditions, customs, norms, beliefs, values and thought patterning passed down from generation to generation.
Culture refers to:
A community or population large enough to be self-sustaining
The totality of the group’s thought
A process of social transmission of these thoughts and behaviors over the course of generations.
Members who identify themselves with that group
Cultural Identity.

3. Race Defined
Race: refers to large body of people characterized by similarity of descent.
Biological definition.
Race such as skin color and hair texture were caused by recent evolution in response to climate and diet.
20th century studies indicated that there is NO single race-defining gene.
Race is a sociohistorical concept.

4. Ethnicity Defined It reflects a continuing social debate.
Ethnic group refer to a group of people of the same descent and heritage who share a common and distinctive culture passed on through generation.
E.g., Italian-American, Asian-American (culture within a culture).

5. Subculture Defined Subculture: a part of the world
A subdivision is a part of but no less important.
May imply being under or beneath or being inferior
Exists within a dominant culture & often based on economic or social class, race or geographical region.

6. Myths Defined
Represent the society’s values and are passed on from generation to generation.
Make the world understandable, support the social order.
Change slowly and are widely taught and believed.
Myths are expressed in the rituals of a culture in story form and in novels and literature.

7. Co-Culture Defined
No culture is inherently superior to other co-existing culture
American Indian Nation

8. Rules vs. Norms Rules: socially agreed-on behavior
Individual guidelines for behavior.
Norms: appropriate and inappropriate behavior.
Individuals are rewarded or punished as they conform to or deviate from the norms.
Superstitions: some cultural customs are labeled as superstitions.