1. Allied Morale/Success High Low 2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression 1. Treaty of Versailles- Germany is punished 3. Hitler crushes Poland 4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months 5. London is bombed 6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all of North Africa except Egypt WWI [Trench Warfare] 7. Operation Barbarossa 8. Pearl Harbor8. Russian Winter 9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in North Africa, Italian campaign, 10. Normandy 1939 1940 19411942 1943 1944 1945

2. Part I. Axis Victories or The Axis Shocks the World 1939-1941

3. Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the League German Rearmament The Rhineland The Spanish Civil War/Guernica??? Austria Ethiopia Manchuria The Munich Conference

4. The Spanish Civil War One Final Sign of Allied Weakness In Spain- a civil war broke out between a democratic government and a Totalitarian One (Franco) Hitler and Mussolini saw this as a good chance to test their new militaries They sent in their new air forces and bombed Spain, including the civilian populations The allies sent no military forces Do we remember why not?

6. Guernica by Pablo Picasso Guernica = A City Bombed by the Nazi Air Force

7. The Start of World War II Remember the Munich Conference?? Remember the Munich Conference?? Agreement to give Hitler the Sudetenland (a part of ___________) in return for his promise that … Agreement to give Hitler the Sudetenland (a part of ___________) in return for his promise that … Some westerners thought of Germany as a bulwark against Communism (lesser of two evils) Some westerners thought of Germany as a bulwark against Communism (lesser of two evils) Less than a week later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia Less than a week later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia Remember, he was already behind… Remember, he was already behind…

8. Space and Race Lebensraum Lebensraum Where did Hitler envision it? Where did Hitler envision it? Aryan Aryan British/French British/French Slavs/non whites Slavs/non whites

9. Britain and France Drew a Line in the Sand Belief that Hitler’s next target was Poland Belief that Hitler’s next target was Poland Britain and France declared that they would fight for Poland… Britain and France declared that they would fight for Poland… But then… an earth shattering event… But then… an earth shattering event… Danzig/Polish Corridor issue Danzig/Polish Corridor issue

10. Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Why was this a shock? Why was this a shock? Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they also hated each other. Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they also hated each other. Why would the Nazis do it? Why would the Nazis do it? Avoid two front war… Avoid two front war… Why would the Soviets do it? Why would the Soviets do it? Aim Hitler’s army at the West Aim Hitler’s army at the West Gain time to prepare (remember purges???) Gain time to prepare (remember purges???) On Sept. 1 st, 1939, Poland was invaded from the East and the West simultaneously. Britain and France declared war on Germany. WWII has begun. On Sept. 1 st, 1939, Poland was invaded from the East and the West simultaneously. Britain and France declared war on Germany. WWII has begun.

14. Hitler Turns West French are OK, though, right? French are OK, though, right? Maginot Line Maginot Line

15. WEAKNESS!!! Ardennes Forest Ardennes Forest

16. Blitzkrieg “lightning war” “lightning war” Opposite of trench warfare from WWI Opposite of trench warfare from WWI Bombers create confusion and cut communications Bombers create confusion and cut communications Tanks cut through the enemy line and go straight for the population centers Tanks cut through the enemy line and go straight for the population centers

17. Germany Tanks sneak through the Ardennes France falls in … France falls in … 5 weeks… 5 weeks… Think about WWI for a second… Think about WWI for a second…

20. One Bright Spot in the Fall of France The Miracle at Dunkirk The Miracle at Dunkirk A British Army that was stationed in France turns and runs like hell A British Army that was stationed in France turns and runs like hell A fleet of army boats, but also pleasure boats, picks up and saves the British Army A fleet of army boats, but also pleasure boats, picks up and saves the British Army

22. Miracle at Dunkirk

23. Vichy France Petain Petain De Gaulle De Gaulle

24. England Stands Alone

25. Chamberlain Out/ Churchill In Why???

26. Well Sort of Alone The U.S., under President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) starts the Lend-Lease Program ‘We’ll give you military supplies until you can give them back later’ This is an oversimplification, but you get the idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. president to aid the British Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still support isolationism

27. Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion British Navy Must Hold the English Channel British Navy Must Hold the English Channel However, this can only last as long as Britain controls the air However, this can only last as long as Britain controls the air In WWII war, the airplane is supreme In WWII war, the airplane is supreme The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought between the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the British Air Force (the RAF) The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought between the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the British Air Force (the RAF)

28. Battle of Britain v London Blitz Goal??? Why Hitler gave up??? Goal???

29. “Never have so many owed so much to so few.” In the End, Britain Held

30. Hitler Turns Eastwards Lebensraum Lebensraum To Hitler To Hitler Bolshevism= Jewish Conspiracy for World Domination Bolshevism= Jewish Conspiracy for World Domination

31. Operation Barbarossa Hitler angry! Hitler angry! Attack from Germany into Russia Attack from Germany into Russia Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and resources Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and resources ‘My empire will last for 1000 years.’ ‘My empire will last for 1000 years.’ Whose biography should Hitler have studied? Whose biography should Hitler have studied? Operation Barbarossa started 129 years to the day after Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Operation Barbarossa started 129 years to the day after Napoleon’s invasion of Russia.

33. Hitler's Commissar Order to his Generals Before Operation Barbarossa "The war against Russia cannot be fought in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of ideologies and racial differences and will have to be waged with unprecedented, unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All officers will have to get rid of any old fashioned ideas they may have. … Any German soldier who breaks international law will be pardoned. “

34. The Nazi execution of Soviet civilians kneeling by the side of a mass grave at Kraigonev, USSR, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Anyone suspected of being a Communist official, along with Red Army officers and male Jews were chosen for execution.

35. On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a Russian train bringing supplies to Germany. What does this show?On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a Russian train bringing supplies to Germany. What does this show? In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air- Force was almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killedIn the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air- Force was almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killed Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet UnionWithin a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet Union Surprise!

36. Pacific Theater Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Why did the Japanese do it? Why did the Japanese do it? Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet Japanese then won a string of victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet

39. Pearl Harbor from a satellite

42. From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter 1941, the Axis Has Been (almost) Unstoppable Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to start his promised Final Solution Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to start his promised Final Solution extermination of the Jews extermination of the Jews