I The Roaring 20s? A) Postwar inflation occurred as governments printed new money. B) The United States’ and Japan’s economy and culture boomed in the.

I The Roaring 20s? A) Postwar inflation occurred as governments printed new money. B) The United States’ and Japan’s economy and culture boomed in the 1920s. 1. In the US, art and science benefited from new ideas after the war. 2. In the US, new mass consumerism and popular culture was important (flappers; radio; films; jazz; the Harlem Renaissance). C) The US entered a period of isolation after refusing to enter the League of Nations. D) In 1919 Germany’s new democratic government (Weimar Republic) replaced the imperial government originally put in place. E) Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928: renounced the use of war and called for the peaceful settlement of disputes.

The Roaring 20s? Continued…

The Roaring 20s? Continued…
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909, advocating for racial equality. One of the founders was W.E.B. DuBois. Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic, Germany

The Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
THE PRESIDENT OF THE GERMAN REICH, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY, HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC, Deeply sensible of their solemn duty to promote the welfare of mankind; Persuaded that the time has, come when a frank renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy should be made to the end that the peaceful and friendly relations now existing between their peoples may be perpetuated… Do you think the intentions of the signers was to sincerely prevent war? How many of the signers were responsible for the Treaty of Versailles?

II The Great Depression 1929 - 1933
A) WWI devastated European economies; Germany was unable to make reparations payments, and Britain and France unable to repay their war debts to the US. B) October 1929 the New York Stock Market crashed. Investors were building up high debt because of easy credit; when the stock market crashed, banks had already been collapsing, people pulled their money and the crisis snowballed. C) Dust Bowl of 1930s: period of severe dust storms and droughts in the US prairies. D) When the US government failed to provide relief, US President Herbert Hoover ( ) was blamed for the intolerable economic and social conditions, and the shantytowns that cropped up across the nation, became known as Hoovervilles. The highly unpopular Hoover, a Republican, was defeated in the 1932 presidential election by Democrat Franklin Roosevelt ( ),

The Great Depression Continued…

III FDR’s New Deal A) Most governments tried to cut spending and many raised tariffs which worsened the Depression. B) Some governments turned to fascism; i.e. Italy, Germany. C) In contrast, Franklin D. Roosevelt offered his “New Deal” It offered more direct aid to Americans through increased unemployment benefits and jobs on public works projects. It stimulated the American economy and restored faith in the government. The New Deal emphasized the economic principle of the American System as devised by Alexander Hamilton, namely that a successful economy is predicated upon physical development (government based industry, infrastructure, high level research and development and agriculture), as opposed to monetary speculation.

“Top 10” New Deal Programs
1. CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps 1933 Created to combat unemployment. The CCC was responsible for building many public works and created structures and trails in parks across the nation. 2. CWA - Civil Works Administration 1933 Purpose to create jobs for the unemployed. Its focus on high paying jobs in the construction arena resulted in a much greater expense to the federal government than originally anticipated. The CWA ended in 1934 in large part due to opposition to its cost. 3. FHA - Federal Housing Administration A government agency created to combat the housing crisis of the Great Depression. The large number of unemployed workers combined with the banking crisis created a situation in which banks recalled loans. The FHA was designed to regulate mortgages and housing conditions.

New Deal “Top 10” Continued…
4. FSA - Federal Security Agency Had the responsibility for several important government entities. Until it was abolished in 1953, it administered social security, federal education funding, and food and drug safety. 5. HOLC - Home Owner's Loan Corporation To assist in the refinancing of homes. The housing crisis created a great many foreclosures, and Franklin Roosevelt hoped this new agency would stem the tide. Between 1933 and 1935 one million people received long term loans through the agency that saved their homes from foreclosure. 6. NRA - National Recovery Act Designed to bring the interests of working class Americans and business together. Through hearings and government intervention the hope was to balance the needs of all involved in the economy. However, the NRA was declared unconstitutional in the landmark Supreme Court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. US. The Supreme Court ruled that the NRA violated the separation of powers. 7. PWA - Public Works Administration A program created to provide economic stimulus and jobs during the Great Depression. The PWA was designed to create public works and continued until the US ramped up wartime production for World War II. It ended in 1941.

New Deal “Top 10” Continued…
8. SSA - Social Security Act Designed to combat the widespread poverty among senior citizens. The government program provided income to retired wage earners. The program has become one of the most popular government programs and is funded by current wage earners and their employers. However, in recent years concerns have arisen about the viability of continuing to fund the program as the Baby Boom generation reaches retirement age. 9. TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority 1933 To develop the economy in the Tennessee Valley region which had been hit extremely hard by the Great Depression. The TVA was and is a federally owned corporation that works in this region to this day. It is the largest public provider of electricity in the United States. 10. WPA - Works Progress Administration 1935 As the largest New Deal Agency, the WPA impacted millions of Americans. It provided jobs across the nation. Because of it, numerous roads, buildings, and other projects were completed. It was renamed the Works Projects Administration in It officially ended in 1943.

Chickamauga Dam, Built by the TVA

IV Latin American Nationalism
The Great Depression led to people losing faith in liberal governments, and rejected European influences. Led to a revival of mural paintings, an Aztec and Mayan art form. The US continued to enforce the Monroe Doctrine and intervened into Latin American affairs until…. FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy pledged to lessen the US’s involvement in Latin America.

V Revolution in Russia A) Czar Alexander II “officially” ended serfdom in Russia in B) By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar Nicholas II. More Russians died in WWI than any previous war, corruption was rampant, the economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma (the Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution) when it opposed his will. C) The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 1917 (or February 23 on the Julian calendar), when demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in Petrograd (now called St. Petersburg). D) On March 11, Petrograd troops were called to quell the uprising. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Duma. On March 12, the revolution triumphed when many Petrograd troops defected to the cause of the demonstrators.

Czar Nicholas II and His Family
Against the backdrop of WWI and the February and October revolutions, the Czar and his family were initially kept as prisoners near St. Petersburg and then transported to Ekaterinburg (beyond the Ural Mountains) in 1918, and confined to a house. By mid-July a Czech contingent of the White Army was approaching Ekaterinburg and the sounds of gun fire could be heard in the distance by the royal prisoners and their Bolshevik captors. On the morning of July 17 the Czar, his wife, children and servants were herded into the cellar of their prison house and executed. –

Revolution in Russia Continued…
E) The imperial government was forced to resign. March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael ( ), whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy. F) Power was shared between the weak provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet. Then, on November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why this event is also referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head.

Lenin at the October Revolution
“The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class are to represent them and repress them in parliament.” –Vladimir Lenin

G) Lenin became the dictator of the first Marxist state in the world. His government made peace with Germany, nationalized industry and distributed land, but beginning in 1918 had to fight a civil war against the anti-Bolshevik White Army forces. In 1920, the anti-Bolsheviks were defeated, and in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established. H) 1920 Lenin instituted his New Economic Policy, which allowed a great deal of private ownership to exist under a centralized leadership. The plan brought relative prosperity to farmers, but many farmers were against the modernization required to successfully implement this program. “Bourgeois society ought long ago to have gone to the dogs through sheer idleness; for those of its members who work, acquire nothing, and those who acquire anything, do not work… Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!” ― Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto

Lenin died in 1924; led to a struggle for power between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. Trotsky believed that the Communist Party's first responsibility was to spread socialist revolutions around the world. Stalin believed that the Party should promote internal development instead. When Stalin won control, he announced that Russia must industrialize quickly and thoroughly, accomplishing in a few years what Western European nations and the United States had taken many years to do. J) Stalin replaced the New Economic Policy with collective farms that were state run and supposedly more efficient. Private land ownership was done away with, and the farms were intended to feed workers in the cities who contributed to the industrialization of the nation. Those who resisted were forced to move to cities or to labor camps, often in Siberia, if not killed. K) With the agricultural surplus from the farms, Stalin established his first Five Year Plan, which set ambitious goals for production of heavy industry, such as oil, steel, and electricity. The government decided what, how and how much was produced, as well as who would be the recipients, over the course of a 5 year period.

Joseph Stalin ( ) was the dictator of the USSR from 1929 to Under Stalin, the USSR was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. After Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin died in 1924, Stalin outmaneuvered his rivals for control of the party. Once in power, he collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps. Stalin aligned with the US and Britain in WWII ( ) but afterward engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the West known as the Cold War ( ). After his death, the Soviets initiated a de-Stalinization process. In January 1928, Leon Trotsky was deported by Joseph Stalin to remote Soviet Central Asia for a year before being banished from the USSR forever by Stalin. On Aug 20, 1940 Trotsky Exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded by an ice-ax-wielding assassin at his compound outside Mexico City.

A gulag; a Siberian Labor Camp
Stalin’s 5 Year Plan A gulag; a Siberian Labor Camp

Famine in Ukraine

Collectivization and Famine in Ukraine
Ukraine was considered the “breadbasket” of Russia; the majority of Ukrainians were farmers. Among those farmers were “Kulaks”; formerly wealthy farmers that had owned 24 or more acres. Stalin believed any future insurrection would be led by the Kulaks, thus he proclaimed them "enemies of the people“. Millions were deported to Siberia, with up to a third of them perishing amid the frigid living conditions. Many farmers rebelled; they burned their own homes rather than surrender them, took back their property, and attacked local Soviet authorities. Soviet troops and secret police were rushed in to put down the rebellion. Squads systematically attacked and killed uncooperative farmers. By mid 1932, nearly 75% of the farms in the Ukraine had been forcibly collectivized. On Stalin's orders, mandatory quotas of foodstuffs to be shipped out to the Soviet Union were drastically increased in 1933, until there was simply no food remaining to feed the people of the Ukraine…

Famine in Ukraine Continued…
Much of Ukraine’s wheat crop that year was dumped on the foreign market to generate cash to aid Stalin's Five Year Plan. The Soviets then sealed off the borders of Ukraine, preventing any food from entering. In the cities, children and adults who had already flocked there from the countryside were dropping dead in the streets, with their bodies carted away in horse-drawn wagons to be dumped in mass graves. By the end of 1933, nearly 25% of the population of Ukraine, including three million children, had perished. Stalin allowed food distribution to resume inside the Ukraine and the famine subsided.

VII Revolution in China (1920s)
A) The Opium Wars forced the opening of ports for international trade, and the loss of Hong Kong to Britain. After its loss in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), China lost Taiwan, Manchuria, and its influence over Korea. B) The last Qing (Manchu) rulers: Manchu Empress Dowager Cixi ( ) ruled the Qing Dynasty Puyi (1906 – 1967) became the last Chinese emperor at the age of 2 in C) As Qing rule fell into decline, it made a few last-ditch efforts at constitutional reform. In 1905, the court abolished the civil service examination system, it worked to modernize its military, and attempted a limited decentralization of power, creating elected assemblies and increasing provincial self-government.

Revolution in China Continued…
The Last Emperor, Puyi “Make me unhappy for a day and I will make you unhappy for a lifetime.” – Empress Dowager Cixi

D) Sun Yat-Sen (1867 – 1925) was a nationalist revolutionary; he believed the Manchu Dynasty was corrupt. Sun was born into a family of poor farmers in the southern China. He studied at a British missionary school in Hawaii and converted to Christianity in Sun later returned to Hong Kong and became a doctor, but abandoned medicine for politics in He was troubled by the Qing’s resistance to reform and its lack of resistance to the West. In 1895 he helped plot an uprising in Canton. When the scheme failed, he embarked on a 16-year exile abroad. He went to London, then to Japan, where he spent time courting potential backers. In 1905 he emerged as head of a revolutionary coalition, the United League, based in Tokyo. The group was loosely organized and unwieldy, but Sun used its mouthpiece, "The People's Journal," to disseminate propaganda. His ideas gained credence with many overseas Chinese students. Sun's philosophy boiled down to "Three Principles of the People": nationalism, democracy and people's livelihood. "Nationalism" involved the overthrow of the emperor and the ending of international hegemony over China; "democracy" meant a republican, elected form of government; "people's livelihood" called for extensive land reform.

E) In Oct 1911 an army unit mutinied in Wuchang, sparking a revolution. The catalyst was a Qing decision to nationalize two privately-owned railways in central China. Sun Yat-Sen returned to China and was elected provisional president of a self-proclaimed republic in F) Perhaps hoping to prevent a civil war, Sun made an alliance with Yuan Shikai, commander-in-chief of the imperial army, who had seized power from the child emperor Pu Yi in Beijing. Yuan was made president, while Sun became a minister in the government. Just a few years into the alliance, Sun accused Yuan of having one of his associates murdered, and set up a rival government in southern China. In the ensuing years, Sun strove to unify his Kuomintang Party, which was beset by internal rivalries. G) It was one of the biggest ironies of Sun's life that he spent so much time abroad and developed such a extensive knowledge of Japan and the West, but failed to secure their support when he most needed it…

…Sun soon began turning to Moscow for assistance. Soviet advisers arrived in 1923 to help reorganize the Kuomintang. By 1924 Sun had reshaped his party into a disciplined organization modeled after the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with authority descending from the top. Sun also brought members of the much smaller Chinese Communist Party into the leadership structure, and established a joint military academy with the CCP to train soldiers and propagandists. H) Sun died of cancer in 1925, passing the mantle to one of his military deputies, Chiang Kai-shek. I) Chiang Kai-Shek consolidated control within his own party by expelling the Communists in a brutal coup in In 1928, he formed a new central government out of Nanking, with himself as head of state. He also instituted reforms, including financial and educational reforms, infrastructure improvements and a revival of Confucianism, supported by the “New Life Movement” campaign. TO BE CONTINUED

Beheaded Chinese Rebel Leaders, 1911 Yuan Shikai Sun Yat-Sen

“The idea of universal brotherhood is innate in the catholic nature of Chinese thought; it was the dominant concept of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, whom events have proved time and again to be not a visionary but one of the world's greatest realists.” “I have often said China is not lacking in material resources. The question is whether we can make full and good use of them.” Chiang Kai-Shek

VIII Turkey and Southwest Asia
A) At the end of WWI, all that remained of the Ottoman Empire was Turkey. The Greeks were eager to expand and rebuild their ancient empire. Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalists in overthrowing the Sultan in Kemal became the president of the new Republic of Turkey. Kemal introduced many reforms, transforming Turkey into a modern state. 1. He separated the laws of Islam from the laws of the nation 2. Women were given more freedom; the right to vote and to hold public office 3. Launched government programs to industrialize Turkey

Turkey and Southwest Asia Continued…
C) Great Britain and Russia fought over the ancient empire of Persia. After WWI the Russians were wrapped up in their revolution and the British tried to seize the opportunity to expand in Persia. In 1921 the Persians revolted against the ruling Shah who had allowed the invasion of foreign powers. D) Reza Shah Pahlavi (a Persian army officer) overthrew the Shah in 1925 and established himself the ruler of Iran. 1. Set up public schools, built roads, railroads, promoted industrial growth and extended women’s rights 2. Unlike Mustafa Kemal in Turkey, Pahlavi gathered all power into his hands.

E) The Creation of Saudi Arabia: In 1916, Britain promised Sherif Hussein (an Arab tribal leader) to recognize and support the struggle for Arab independence. British Col. T.E. Lawrence reinforced the British promises with his own word, unaware that those promises were already being betrayed. While Hussein was successfully fighting to clear the Turks from Mecca, Britain’s India Office secretly agreed to support Ibn Saud (another Arab tribal leader) in making his own conquests in the same territory. Why? Hussein believed in pan-Arab unity and independence, a concept that conflicted with Britain’s imperial ambitions. After WWI, Britain’s Secretary of State for the Colonies summed up his country’s objectives: “What we want is not a united Arabia but a disunited Arabia split into principalities under our suzerainty.”

F) In the following years, Britain and France partitioned the Arab lands of the former Ottoman Empire into meaningless national boundaries. During this time, Britain quietly supported Ibn Saud in a series of bloody conquests that in 1927 brought him recognition as King of Saudi Arabia in (While the British used the title of “king” for the rulers they promoted for Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Iraq, the concept may have mystified the new subjects since the Arabic equivalent appears in the Quran only in reference to non-Muslim leaders.) G) In 1938 oil reserves were discovered in eastern Saudi Arabia, leading to America’s interests in the region.

T.E. Lawrence Ibn Saud

IX Palestine After centuries of living in a diaspora, the 1894 Dreyfus Affair in France shocked Jews into realizing they would not be safe from arbitrary anti-Semitism unless they had their own country. In response, Jews created the new concept of political Zionism in which it was believed that through active political maneuvering, a Jewish homeland could be created. Zionism was becoming a popular concept by the time World War I began. British high commissioner in Egypt, Sir Henry McMahon promised that if the Arabs supported Britain in WWI, Britain would support the establishment of an independent Arab state under Hashemite rule in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire, including Palestine. The Arab revolt, led by Husayn’s son Faysal and T. E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”), was successful in defeating the Ottomans, and Britain took control over much of this area during WWI. However, Britain made a similar promise to the Jews…

Palestine Continued… C) The Balfour Declaration was issued on November 2, 1917, in a letter from Balfour to Lord Rothschild, president of the British Zionist Federation. It promised Palestine to the Jews. D) The League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Iraq, as well as the area that now comprises Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Jordan. In 1921, the British divided this latter region in two: East of the Jordan River became the Emirate of Transjordan, to be ruled by Faysal’s brother ‘Abdallah, and west of the Jordan River became the Palestine Mandate. It was the first time in modern history that Palestine became a unified political entity.

The Balfour Declaration
Foreign Office November 2nd, 1917 Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet. "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. Yours sincerely, Arthur James Balfour

Surrender of Jerusalem 1917

X India Nationalism A) Upper class Indians who had attended British schools learned European views of nationalism and democracy and began to resent British rule. Two groups formed: 1. Indian National Congress 2. Muslim League Although Hindus and Muslims have a rocky history they could find common ground in resisting foreign rule B) Indians fighting in for the British in WWI were offered government promises of reforms in exchange for their service, and eventual independence. When they came home they were again treated as second class citizens. C) 1919 the British government passed the Rowlatt Act. It allowed the government to jail protestors without trail for as long as two years. This was a serious offense to western educated Indians.

India Nationalism Continued…
D) The Amristar Massacre: Spring ,000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar (capital of Punjab and a holy city for Sikhs) to protest British rule. The British had banned public meetings therefore the entire festival was “illegal”. British General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on the crowd without warning. British troops killed 400 Indians and injured 1200. A British man getting a pedicure from his Indian servant.

E) After the Amritsar Massacres and British failure to punish the offending officers Gandhi proposed his policy of “noncooperation”. In 1920 the Indian National Congress Party adopted this policy of civil disobedience and nonviolence. F) Gandhi urged the people to refuse to buy British goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes and vote in elections. Throughout 1920 the British arrested thousands of Indians who had participated in strikes and demonstrations. Gandhi’s civil disobedience took a heavy economic toll on the British struggled to keep trains running, factories open, and overcrowded jails from bursting. Despite Gandhi’s pleas for nonviolence, riots did break out. Who was Ghandi? Mahatma Gandhi studied law in England and practiced in South Africa. He joined the INC before WWI. He became leader of the INC as he was better able to relate to the problems of the common people. He strongly believed in the idea of non-violent resistance, and directly influenced Martin Luther King Jr., who who argued that the Gandhian philosophy was ‘‘the only morally and practically sound method open to oppressed people in their struggle for freedom’’. “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.”

G) In 1930 the Indian National Congress and Gandhi declared India independent of British rule. Obviously the British ignored this so Gandhi decided to take his protests to another level; he organized a salt protest. According to British law, Indians could only buy salt from the government and they had to pay a tax on it. To show their opposition, Gandhi and his followers walked 240 miles to the seacoast and collected their own salt by letting ocean water evaporate “salt march”. Demonstrators planned to march to a factory where the British processed salt, but were attacked by police. An American journalist on the scene described the “sickening whacks of clubs on unprotected skulls and people writhing in pain with fractured skulls or broken shoulders”. 60,000 people as well as Gandhi himself were arrested. Gandhi picking up salt grains

H) Eventually the protests and international pressure were too much for the British to ignore. In 1935 they passed the Government of India Act – giving limited self rule to the Indians. The Hindu Indian National Congress was the party in control and this quickly offended the Muslim league… TO BE CONTINUED

XI African Nationalism
A) Marcus Garvey (born in Jamaica) envisioned a global movement that would unite the race and found an African empire. In 1914, Garvey established the Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association and African Communities League. The UNIA sought to “strengthen the imperialism of independent African States,” promote worldwide commerce and industry, and “promote a conscientious Christian worship” that would aid “in civilizing the backward tribes of Africa. The UNIA grew into one of the largest Pan-African liberation movements. Its weekly newspaper, The Negro World, circulated around the globe. “Africa for the Africans” was his slogan... Marcus Garvey “The Black skin is not a badge of shame, but rather a glorious symbol of national greatness.”

African Nationalism Continued…
…The UNIA entered into negotiations with Liberia to establish a UNIA “colony” that would facilitate repatriating western blacks to Africa, though these plans fell through due to pressure from the U.S., French, and British governments. The UNIA held International Conventions of the Negro Peoples of the World beginning in Those present came from countries throughout the African world and adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, which adopted the red, black, and green flag as the “colors of the Negro Race” and called for the “complete control of our social institutions without interference by any alien race or races.” However, the largely Afro-Caribbean membership of the African Blood Brotherhood (ABB), questioned whether Africans would want a black person from the Caribbean, as opposed to their own able leaders. Members of the ABB also questioned Garvey’s emphasis on building an African empire, which they felt would re-create all the problems of the British and French empires.

African Nationalism Continued…
B) W. E. B. Du Bois (February 23, August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. Du Bois organized a series of pan-African congresses around the world, in 1919, 1921, 1923, and Du Bois's final pan-African gesture was to take up citizenship in Ghana in 1961 and to begin work as director of the Encyclopedia Africana. W.E.B DuBois “A little less complaint and whining, and a little more dogged work and manly striving, would do us more credit than a thousand civil rights bills.”

HW Questions 1. Fill in your Period 6 Chart for: a. Great Depression b. New Deal (add a box) c. Russian Revolution d. Chinese Revolution 1920s e. Zionism 2. Do you think the intentions of the signers of the Kellog-Briand Pact was to sincerely prevent war? Explain your answer, using evidence from the document. (Think about who signed the Treaty of Versailles) 3. Explain Britain’s involvement in Southwest Asia, and if the consequences were more negative or positive. *Focus on Palestine and Saudi Arabia. 4. Do you think it is a coincidence that nationalism increased for Latin Americans, Indians, and Africans around the same time? Explain your answer. 5. Do you think the Chinese Revolution of the 1920s or the Russian Revolution was more justified? Explain your answer.

Key Vocabulary American System Amristar Massacre Balfour Declaration Bolshevik Party Bourgeoisie CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps China's Communist Party Chiang collective farms CWA - Civil Works Administration Czar Alexander II Dreyfuss Affair Duma Dust Bowl of 1930s Emirate of Transjordan Empress Dowager Cixi FDR February Revolution FHA - Federal Housing Administration Five Year Plan FSA - Federal Security Agency Good Neighbor Policy Government of India Act Great Depression Harlem Renaissance Herbert Hoover HOLC - Home Owner's Loan Corporation Hoovervilles Ibn Saud Indian National Congress Joseph Stalin Kellog-Briand Pact Kulaks Kuomintang Lenin’s New Economic Policy Leon Trotsky Liberia Mahatma Gandhi Mao Zedong Mao Zedong’s Communist Party

Key Vocabulary Continued…
Qing Dynasty Reza Shah Pahlavi Rowlett Act Salt March Saudi Arabia Sherif Hussein Sino-Japanese War SSA - Social Security Act Sun Yat-sen T.E. Lawrence Turkey TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority Ukraine USSR W.E.B. DuBois Weimar Republic White Army WPA - Works Progress Administration Yuan Shikai Zionism Manchu Marcus Garvey Marxism Muslim League Mustafa Kemal NAACO Nanking New Deal New Life Movement NRA - National Recovery Act October Revolution Palestine Palestinian Mandate Petrograd Proletariat Puyi PWA - Public Works Administration

I The Roaring 20s? A) Postwar inflation occurred as governments printed new money. B) The United States’ and Japan’s economy and culture boomed in the.

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I The Roaring 20s? A) Postwar inflation occurred as governments printed new money. B) The United States’ and Japan’s economy and culture boomed in the.

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Presentation on theme: "I The Roaring 20s? A) Postwar inflation occurred as governments printed new money. B) The United States’ and Japan’s economy and culture boomed in the."— Presentation transcript:

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