2. Lesson 7-The Rivals ENTER

3. Lesson 7-The Rivals I. Word StudyWord Study II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions Language Study

4. Lesson 7-The Rivals I.Word Study 1. absorbing adj. Enjoyable; interesting Examples: Did you think/agree this is an absorbing documentary about China? These topics may be of absorbing interest to almost anyone.

5. Lesson7-The Rivals I.Word Study 2. balance n. a. a condition of being steady b. state in which opposite forces or influence are given equal importance Examples: A small child has to learn to keep its balance before it can walk far. We need to strike a balance between the needs of the community and the rights of the individual. I lost my balance and fell on my foe. To be continued on the next page.

6. Lesson7-The Rivals I.Word Study Collocations of “balance” off balance 失去平衡 hang in balance 悬而未决的 balance sth. against 斟酌 balance the budget 使收支平衡 balance of power （政治，军事）力量均势 balance trade 贸易差额 balanced diet 均衡的饮食

7. Lesson7-The Rivals I.Word Study 3. end n. a. a last part of sth. b. aim v. to finish Examples: I found the end of the movie very disappointing. She was at the end of her patience. Joe wants to buy a car and is saving money for that end. Both sides are not sure when the peace talk will end. To be continued on the next page.

8. I.Word Study Collocations of “end” come to a bad end make ends meet in the end the end of the world at one’s wits end put an end to The end justifies the means. 遭到恶报 量入为出 最终 世界末日 智穷计尽 结束，停止 只要目的正当，可以不择手段。 Lesson7-The Rivals

9. I.Word Study 4. fateful adj. having an important, esp. bad effect on future events Examples: December 26th, 2004 was a fateful day for people living in South Asia. A Tsunami claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and millions more were displaced. It is a fateful decision that rewrites the history of the nation. Lesson7-The Rivals

10. I.Word Study v. a. to shape by hitting and hammering b. to illegally copy sth. Examples: Their genuine friendship was forged by shared adversity. Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature. It involves all sides to forge a new peace plan for this area. 5. forge Lesson7-The Rivals

11. I.Word Study 6. forgo v. to give up Examples: The monks have to forgo earthly pleasure. They have forgone the winter vacation to finish the project. Lesson7-The Rivals

12. I.Word Study n. a. a list of substances used to make medicine b. a method or a set of principles to solve a problem Examples: They have worked out an acceptable peace formula. The Coca-Cola company revised their formula to make their soft drinks taste better. 7. formula Lesson7-The Rivals

13. I.Word Study 8. hold v. a. to have sth. firmly in one’s hand or arms b. to control c. to support Examples: The couple sat, holding hands under a tree. The police held back the angry crowd. The audience held their breath as the acrobat crossed the tight rope. The bridge didn’t look as though it would hold. Lesson7-The Rivals To be continued on the next page.

14. I.Word Study Collocations: hold a party 聚会 hold one’s tongue 住嘴 hold sb. prisoner/ hostage 将 …… 囚禁 / 作为人质 hold extreme political views 持极端的政治观点 hold sth. dear 珍视某物 hold sb. for ransom 绑架 hold a pupil back 使学生留级 hold back one’s tears 忍住眼泪不让流下来 Lesson7-The Rivals

15. I.Word Study 9. motivate v. a. to provide reason why sb. does sth. (passive) b. to act as an incentive Examples: The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard. No one really knows what motivated him to do so. It is believed that the assassination happening during the election was motivated by political ends. Lesson7-The Rivals

16. I.Word Study 10. overwhelming adj. very great, too great to resist Examples: The candidate became elected by an overwhelming majority of votes. The temptation was overwhelming. Winning the gold medal was an overwhelming happiness for him. Lesson7-The Rivals

17. I.Word Study 11. peer n. equal in rank, merit or quality Examples: Children compete to win the approval of their peers. As an orator, he had few peers. Teenagers often start smoking because of peer pressure. Lesson7-The Rivals

18. I.Word Study 12. quality adj. (used only before noun) to mean very good Examples: We offer a great variety of quality services to our guests. Everyone in our village has the right to quality education. Working parents are calling for quality child care. Lesson7-The Rivals

19. I.Word Study 13. reciprocal adj. mutual Examples: Kindness is generally reciprocal. Such treaties provide reciprocal rights and obligations. The two countries agreed to extend reciprocal privileges to each other’s citizens. Lesson7-The Rivals

20. I.Word Study v. to bring back (to a former condition) Examples: The relations between the two countries were restored to normal. The old oil painting was handsomely restored. Their government should take new measures to restore the confidence in foreign investors. 14. restore Lesson7-The Rivals

21. I.Word Study 15. root v. to grow out n. a. a part of a plant that grows under the ground b. (fig.) that from which sth. grows; basis Examples: Money is the root of all evils. His opinion is rooted in experience. Lesson7-The Rivals To be continued on the next page.

22. I.Word Study Examples: At the root of the controversy is the question of financial assistance. Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action. Lesson7-The Rivals

23. I.Word Study 16. sustain v. a. to maintain b. to give strength c. to suffer Examples: The teachers tried hard to sustain the children’s interest in class. The foundations were not strong enough to sustain the weight of the house. Lesson7-The Rivals To be continued on the next page.

24. I.Word Study Examples: The retired president is too weak to sustain a long interview. Our team sustained a defeat last year, however, we will stage a comeback this year. Lesson7-The Rivals The end of Word Study.

25. List: 1. carry oncarry on 2. grapple withgrapple with 3. impose uponimpose upon 4. out ofout of 5. take offtake off 6. take intake in II.Phrases and Expressions Lesson7-The Rivals

26. 1. carry on v. a. to continue sth. that has been started by sb. else. b. to do sth. for a period of time Examples: He is relying on his son to carry on the family business. When she left, I carried on her research. They carried on an interesting conversation, without looking at each other. II.Phrases and Expressions

27. v. a. to fight or struggle with someone b. to try hard to solve a problem Examples: The pilots were grappling with hijackers before it crashed into the building. The government is grappling with the issue of traffic congestion. He grappled with the problem for an hour before he solved it. 2. grapple with Lesson7-The Rivals II.Phrases and Expressions

28. 3. impose on/upon v. to place a tax, duty on Examples: The government imposed a ban upon the sales of ivory. Now taxes are imposed on wines and spirits. Parents should not impose their own moral values on their children. Lesson7-The Rivals II.Phrases and Expressions

29. 4. out of Examples: In nine cases out of ten, they will attend the opening ceremony. We are out of sugar. Chinese people make many things out of bamboo. He accepted the job out of interest. The camp site is a bit out of the way but the views are significant. ( very likely ) ( lack, go short of ) ( Say about substance a thing is ) (because of) ( remote ) Lesson7-The Rivals II.Phrases and Expressions

30. 5. take off v. a. to do sth. esp. to a piece of clothing b. to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight c. to suddenly start being successful Examples: I forgot to take off my makeup last night. I hear their business is really taking off. The mechanics are making a thorough check before the plane takes off. Lesson7-The Rivals II.Phrases and Expressions