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CHAPTER 3, SECTION 1- THE NATURE OF DEMAND
ECONOMICS CHAPTER 3, SECTION 1- THE NATURE OF DEMAND
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I. Demand A. Demand (D) is the amount of a good or service a consumer is willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given period of time. W + A = D
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I. Demand B. Quantity Demanded (QD) is the amount of a good or service a consumer is willing and able to purchase at each price during a given period of time.
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I. Demand C. What is the difference between D and QD?
D measures W + A at various prices. QD measures W + A at one (particular) price.
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II. The Law of Demand A. When the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded decreases. When the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity demanded increases. B. This is an inverse (opposite) relationship.
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II. The Law of Demand P QD
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III. Demand Schedule A. A demand schedule illustrates the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded for the good or service. B. The demand schedule shows the law of demand.
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III. Demand Schedule Price Per Car Quantity Demanded $10,000 1000
$8,000 1200 $6,000 1500 $4,000 3000 $2,000 5000
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IV. Demand Graphs A. A demand graph is a graphic illustration of the demand schedule. B. A demand curve plots the information from the demand schedule on to the demand graph. C. Each plotted point on the graph represents a specific combination of price and quantity demanded. D. The demand curve slopes downward, right.
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Price Per Car Quantity Demanded $10,000 1000 $8,000 1200 $6,000 1500 $4,000 3000 $2,000 5000 10,000 8,000 P 6,000 4,000 2,000 D 1,000 1,200 1,500 3,000 5,000 QD
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
A. The Income Effect 1. Purchasing Power-The amount of money one has available to spend on goods and services. 2. Any change in a consumers’ purchasing power which is caused by a change in price 3. The income effect may not always apply.
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
PP D
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
B. The Substitution Effect 1. Substitute goods-Goods that can be used in place of one another. 2. Consumers tend to substitute a similar, lower-priced good for another good that is higher-priced. 3. The substitution effect may not always apply.
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
P (original good) D (substitute good)
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
C. Diminishing Marginal Utility 1. Utility-Usefulness or satisfaction gained from the consumption of a good or service. 2. With each additional unit of consumption of a good or service, less satisfaction from each unit of consumption will be received.
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V. Examples of the Law of Demand
3. Demand will decrease because at some point, consumers cannot use any more of a good or service.
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