1. Digital IC Family

2. Digital IC

3. Introduction
Digital ICs are more reliable by reducing the number of external interconnections from one device to another.
Before ICs, every circuit connection was from one discrete component to another.

4. Cont.,
A logic family refers to digital integrated circuit devices which are constructed with a combination of electronic gates. 
 A family has its own power supply voltage and distinct logic levels.

5. Cont.,
Each family has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
Also within each family, there is a range of voltages which may be high level or low level.

6. Cont.,
The various logic families can be placed into two brand categories according to the IC fabrication process.
Bipolar
Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)

7. Bipolar Logic family

8. Metal-oxide semiconductor Logic family

9. Bipolar Logic families
The important elements of a bipolar IC are resistors, transistors and diodes.
Based on the two main operations of bipolar ICs, i.e.,
Saturated
Non-saturated.

10. Saturated bipolar Logic families
Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)
Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL)
Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)
High Threshold Logic (HTL)
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

11. Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)

12. Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL)

13. Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)

14. High Threshold Logic (HTL)

15. Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)

16. Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

17. Non saturated Logic families
Schottky TTL
Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

18. Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

19. Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
The MOS families include
PMOS p-channel MOSFETs
NMOS n-channel MOSFETs
CMOS Complementary MOSFETs

20. PMOS p-channel MOSFETs

21. NMOS n-channel MOSFETs

22. CMOS Complementary MOSFETs

23. Characteristics of Digital ICs
Speed of operation
Power dissipation
Fan-in
Fan-out

24. Cont.,
Noise immunity
Operating temperature
Power supply requirements

25. Speed of operation
The speed of operation of an IC is expressed in terms of propagation delay.
Propagation delay is defined as the time taken for the output of a gate to change after the inputs have changed

26. Cont.,
The time difference between the application of input and appearance of output is also called as propagation delay.

27. Power dissipation
Power dissipation is the nature of the power consumed by a logic gate when fully driven by all its inputs.
It is expressed in mill watts or nano watts

28. Fan in
The fan-in of a gate is the number of inputs connected to the gate without degradation in the voltage levels.

29. Fan out
Fan out is the maximum number of similar logic gates that a gate can drive without any degradation in voltage levels.

30. Noise immunity
The noise immunity of a logic circuit refers to the circuit ability to tolerate noise without causing spurious changes in the output voltage.
A quantitative measure of the noise immunity is called noise margin.

31. Operating Temperature
ALL IC gates are semiconductor devices that are temperature-sensitive by nature.
The operating temperature ranges for and IC vary from 00 C to +700 C for consumer and industrial applications and from -550 C to C for military applications

32. Power supply requirements
The amount of power and supply voltage required by an IC are the main parameters to be taken into consideration while choosing a proper power supply

33. The End
……Thank you……
M.S.P.V.L. Polytechnic College,
Pavoorchatram.