1. Ralph Santitoro Director of Carrier Ethernet Market Development Ralph.Santitoro@us.Fujitsu.com March 3, 2010 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for High Performance Carrier Ethernet Applications

2. Contents Brief overview of Carrier Ethernet Service Constructs Different Implementations of Carrier Ethernet Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) & Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) COE Defined COE Attributes COE Applications © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. Ethernet Service Demarcation Ethernet User-to-Network Interface (UNI) Service demarcation between: Retail End-User (Buyer) Service Provider (Seller) Ethernet External Network-to-Network Interface (ENNI) Service demarcation between: Service Provider Buyer Wholesale Service Provider Seller UNIs and ENNIs provide delineation between responsibilities of the buyer and seller of a service © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

4. Ethernet Service Constructs Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) Logical association between two or more UNIs Retail (end-user) service construct Operator Virtual Connection (OVC) Logical association between either: UNI and ENNI ENNI and ENNI Wholesale (service provider) service construct EVCs describe Virtual Connectivity for Retail services OVCs describe Virtual Connectivity for Wholesale services © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

5. Putting it all together UNIs at Subscriber Locations ENNIs between Wholesale Access Provider and Wholesale Transport Provider Wholesale Transport Provider and Retail Service Provider OVCs between Subscriber UNI and Wholesale Access Provider ENNI Wholesale Transport Provider ENNIs Retail Service Provider ENNI and Subscriber UNI EVC between Subscriber UNIs E-NNI Wholesale Access Provider E-NNIWholesale Transport Provider Retail Service Provider UNI OVC 1 OVC 2 OVC 3 EVC EVC Subscriber 5 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

6. Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) and Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) Different Implementations of Carrier Ethernet

7. Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) When most think of Ethernet, they think of Ethernet LANs Technically referred to as Connectionless Ethernet CLE is also used in carrier networks Subscriber sites (many users) connect to an Ethernet UNI Instead of a single user connecting to an Ethernet port in a LAN MP2MP EVC in Carrier Network UNI LAN CLE requires technology augmentation to make it “Carrier Grade” © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

8. Connectionless Ethernet limiting factors in Carrier Ethernet networks Non-Deterministic QoS Traffic path highly variable due to spanning tree topology changes Creates variable QoS performance (Delay, Delay Variation, Loss) Inconsistent Bandwidth for Subscribers Ethernet MAC Address learning performed dynamically through broadcasting of unknown address to all ports (called flooding) Flooding takes away from revenue-generating bandwidth Difficult to Guarantee Bandwidth (Traffic Engineering) Multiple source and sink points in the network Difficult to provide High Network Availability Spanning Tree variants cannot meet demanding service requirements CLE challenged to deliver a “Carrier Grade” service 8 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

9. Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) - FAQs What is COE ? An industry term that defines a point-to-point implementation of Carrier Ethernet What’s the difference between COE and Carrier Ethernet ? COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet Are COE implementations based on industry standards ? Yes Implementations utilize MEF, IEEE, IETF and ITU-T standards plus value added enhancements where standards are lacking What networking technologies can be used to implement COE? COE can be implemented using Ethernet or MPLS technologies © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

10. COE: The best of both worlds SONET Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per STS 99.999% Availability Highest Security (L1 service) SONET Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per STS 99.999% Availability Highest Security (L1 service) Connectionless Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Flexible Bandwidth Granularity Cost Effectiveness Connectionless Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Flexible Bandwidth Granularity Cost Effectiveness Connection-Oriented Ethernet COE makes Ethernet more like a Layer 1 service but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet 10 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

11. Definition of Connection-oriented Ethernet (COE) Networking Explicit paths for all EVCs and OVCs Paths setup by element/network management system No address learning or spanning tree path computation as with CLE Bandwidth reserved for all EVCs and OVCs EVC/OVC bandwidth and QoS performance guaranteed at each node along the defined path Forwarding based on a “tag” in the frame Forwarding not based on MAC address as with CLE 11 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. Guaranteed bandwidth and QoS Performance Sounds a lot like SONET

12. Connection-Oriented Ethernet Defined Carrier Ethernet with Traffic Engineering 1.Ethernet frames take predetermined path  Forwarding based on Ethernet Tags 2.Per-Flow Queuing & Traffic Engineering  Bandwidth Reserved per Flow  Flow = EVC, OVC or Tunnel EVC1 EVC2 EVC3 Scheduler sees each EVC Deterministic performance Connection- Oriented Ethernet Per-flow queuing Shared priority queue EVC1 EVC2 EVC3 Scheduler sees the Queue Statistical performance ? Connectionless Ethernet “switching” Priority queuing © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Explicit data path Connection- Oriented Ethernet “magic” Implicit data path Connectionless Ethernet “switching” ?

13. Why COE ? Makes Ethernet more like SONET which dominates metro networks today Network operations procedures similar to SONET Smoother transition for SONET-trained operations personnel Highly scalable packet-centric technology Meets large scale metro connectivity and aggregation requirements Ideally suited for: Metro Ethernet Aggregation for handoff to IP service edge networks Mobile Backhaul Networks High Performance Ethernet Private Lines (EPL), Ethernet Internet Access and Layer 2 VPNs (EVPL) commercial business services COE evolving the Metro Network Infrastructure to be more packet-centric 13 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

14. Different approaches to COE MPLS-centric COE (Standards under development) Proposed usage for interconnection of P/PE routers in inter-metro core Ethernet-centric COE (Standards complete) Now being deployed in metro networks MPLS-centric COE Static PWT-MPLSMPLS-TP Eth MPLS LSP PW Ethernet MPLS Pseudowire (PW) MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Ethernet Eth Ethernet Tag Switching PBB-TE Ethernet-centric COE S-VLAN or PBB-TE Ethernet-centric implementations simplify OAM&P Only 1 layer to manage: Ethernet 14 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 14

15. Connection-oriented Ethernet Attributes

16. COE Ecosystem Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet Reliability / Availability G.8031 50ms EVC Protection 802.3ad UNI & ENNI Protection Ethernet OAM 802.3ah Link Fault Management802.3ah Link Fault Management Y.1731 Service Fault ManagementY.1731 Service Fault Management Scalability Layer 2 AggregationLayer 2 Aggregation Statistical MultiplexingStatistical Multiplexing Tag Swapping/ReuseTag Swapping/Reuse Deterministic QoS Lowest Delay, Delay Variation, Loss Bandwidth Resource Reservation Connection Admission Control COEAttributes Standardized Services MEF 6.1 Service DefinitionsMEF 6.1 Service Definitions MEF 10.2 Service AttributesMEF 10.2 Service Attributes Security No Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigatedNo Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigated Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilitiesCompletely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilities © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 16

17. Standardized Services COE supports MEF Services using Point-to-Point EVCs Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Ethernet Private Line (EPL) COE supports MEF Point-to-Point OVCs COE supports the MEF UNI and ENNI service attributes UNI Attributes in MEF 10.1 ENNI and OVC Attributes in MEF 26 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 COE Supports the Standard MEF Services and Service Building Blocks

18. COE provides deterministic QoS Committed Information Rate (CIR) reserved for each EVC Bandwidth reserved at each ingress and egress port throughout network using Connection Admission Control (CAC) Sum of all EVC CIRs ≤ physical interface speed Resource reservation only way achieve Ethernet service performance objectives 18 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 COE CAC assures requisite bandwidth is reserved EVC is traffic engineered to achieve QoS Performance Objectives Management System Working Path EVC Protect Path EVC Bandwidth Reserved End-to-End

19. COE Security: Comparable to SONET Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks COE doesn’t use MAC Address Learning / Flooding like CLE MAC Address spoofing cannot occur MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur COE doesn’t use vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs) like CLE’s Spanning Tree Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DoS/DDoS attacks) are mitigated COE doesn’t use bridging protocols so ports cannot be mirrored Traffic snooping cannot occur © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. COE provides security comparable to Layer 1 (EoSONET) but with no SONET bandwidth utilization issues 1919

20. Ethernet OAM for COE ENNI-N UNI-C IEEE 802.1ag End-to-End Connectivity Fault Management ITU-T Y.1731 End-to-End Performance Monitoring ENNI-N Network Operator 1 Network Operator 2 UNI-N Link OAM Service OAM © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM Link OAM Link OAM

21. COE Fault Management Comparison with SONET EVC 1 EVC 2 EVC 3 Tunnel OAM EVC 1, 2 and 3 Link OAM Link Service OAM FLASHWAVE CDS FLASHWAVE CDS FLASHWAVE CDS Standard Fault Management Comparable to SONET ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1agTunnel LayerSTS Path / VCG ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1agService (EVC) LayerVT1.5 or STS Path IEEE 802.3ahLink (physical) LayerSONET Line FLASHWAVE CDS COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards 21 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 21

22. COE Provides Sub-50ms Ethernet Path Protection via G.8031 Standard Continuity Check Messages (heartbeats) Monitor EVC If CCMs not received for Working Path due to link failure Network Element switches to Protect Path Working and Protect Path traffic engineered to meet EVC performance and bandwidth requirements Link Failure 50ms SONET-like protection using Ethernet-only mechanisms Working Path Protect Path © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 2222 Working Path Failover Protect Path

23. Achieving Highest Reliability Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE Link Protection using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation For local diversity and protection for UNIs and NNIs LAGs across different cards in a network element In-Service Software Upgrades Network continues to operate as new software is tested and deployed Equipment Protection Redundant switch fabric, control processors, etc. EVC and OVC Path Protection Path diversity with sub-50ms path protection using ITU-T G.8031 Similar to SONET UPSR path protection (Working path and Protect path) Bottom Line: No single point of failure © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 23

24. COE Applications

25. Service Provider(s) Site-to-Cloud COE EVC UNIs End User(s) UNI Ethernet network ENNI Retail Partner network Site-to-Cloud COE OVC IP/MPLS network Site-to-Site COE EVC COE for Commercial Business Ethernet Services COE-based EVC or OVC by application / service Retail EVPL EVCs (UNI to UNI) COE between end user and IP/MPLS network COE between end users Wholesale Access OVC (UNI to ENNI) COE between end user and retail service provider partner network COE delivers the most popular retail and wholesale Ethernet services with SONET-like reliability and security © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 25

26. Mobile Backhaul Evolution From SONET to Ethernet using COE FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected PMO: SONET T1sEthernet EoS MSPP at MSC TDM 2G/3G SONET Cell tower  MSC Packet-Optical Networking Platforms (PONP) with COE facilitate MBH network migration of multi-generation 2G/3G/LTE services µPacket ONP Ethernet COE TDM EoF 2G/3G 3G/LTE T1s SONET Packet ONP (PONP) at MSC PONP at Cell Site SONET Ethernet COE TDM 2G/3G 3G/LTE T1s Packet ONP (PONP) at MSC PONP at Cell Site © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 26

27. Why Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul ? Meets MBH functional requirements set forth by SONET Deterministic performance Service OAM Guaranteed bandwidth Highest network availability Simpler Network OAM – just one Ethernet layer to manage Consistent with existing SONET-based network operations No IP knowledge required. Simpler to learn by SONET transport staff Provisioning model similar to SONET 27 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 COE meets the high performance demands of mobile backhaul networks

28. Summary COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet With added Security benefits COE on Packet Optical Networking Platforms facilitates the evolution of SONET to Carrier Ethernet Evolve at your own pace based on your customers’ requirements 28 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 For more information on Fujitsu’s Connection-Oriented Ethernet and FLASHWAVE Packet Optical Networking Platforms, visit us.Fujitsu.com/Telecom