1. Bellringer SOL Challenge
BJOTD: Why did the mouse sleep under the oil can?
Submitted by Aanal Gandhi and Lucas Martin

2. Agenda Finish Nation-states (20 minutes) Towns-Black Death (20 mins)
Renaissance Art (10 mins)
Renaissance (rest of class)

3. The Rise of Towns and the Black Death

4. Changes in the Late Middle Ages
Farming improves
Climate warms up and opens up new areas for farming
New techniques are developed
Increased farming led to more food
What does more food lead to?
Trade began expanding due to Crusades
Fairs- people from manors go to trade goods
Guilds- group of people doing the same job
Sort of like a union- helped to control wages

5. Trade and Finance Expand
Towns grow with increased population
People begin specializing their work again
Towns were crowded and unplanned
Streets were narrow, full of animals
No sewers, human waste dumped in streets
Town growth begins to ruin feudal system
Feudal lords still controlled lands
Rebellions were common against landlord

6. The City Makes a Comeback
People need to borrow money for business
Crusades encouraged the use of credit and banking
Letters of credit expanded the supply of money and made trade faster
Money lenders are needed
Usury (charging interest on loaned money) is illegal for Christians
Jews could charge interest and so become the first lenders
New accounting and bookkeeping practices using Arabic numerals were introduced

7. Education in the Middle Ages
Education still largely confined to the clergy, who were among the few literate people in the Middle Ages
Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe
This new learning laid the foundation for the rise of universities in Europe

8. The Black Death

9. The Spread of the Black Death

10. Effects of the Plague Population severely dropped
From 450 million to between million
Trade declined and prices rose
Workers were hard to find
Why?
Church loses significant power
Feudalism crumbles
People’s view of life changes in 2 ways
Some pessimistic – world is going to end 
Some optimistic- Eat, drink and be merry 

11. The Renaissance
A rebirth of art and learning based on the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome.
How did these ideas get back to Europe?

12. Italy during the Renaissance

13. Advantages of Location for Northern Italian Cities during the Renaissance
Florence, Venice, and Genoa
Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to Northern Europe
Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

14. Key Concept
The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. People wealthy from newly expanded trade, called patrons, sponsored works that glorified states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

16. Machiavelli’s Ideas about Power
Background: Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule

17. Machiavelli published his ideas in a book called The Prince
An early modern treatise on government
Supported absolute rule of the ruler
Maintains that the ends justify the means
Advises that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary

18. Medieval Art vs Renaissance Art

19. Renaissance Art Human emotions and Feelings
Life-like gestures and action
Religious and secular (non-religious) themes
Greek and Roman Architecture

21. Art and Literature
Medieval art and literature-focused on the church and salvation
Renaissance art and literature-focused on individuals and worldly (secular) matters, along with Christianity

22. Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers
Leonardo da Vinci-Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
Michelangelo-ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David
Petrarch-sonnets, humanist scholarship

23. Leonardo da Vinci

24. Da Vinci’s Tank

25. Michelangelo

26. Donatello

27. The Northern Renaissance
Background-with the rise of trade, travel, and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe

28. Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:
Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.
The moveable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped spread ideas.

29. Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance
Erasmus-The Praise of Folly (1511)
Sir Thomas More-Utopia (1516)
SIGNIFICANCE-that Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects

30. Next Class… Essay :(NOT Compare/Contrast)Analyze and discuss
The emergence and development of nation-states(France, Spain, England, Russia)
The motivations behind the Crusades
The impact of the Black Death on the Late Middle Ages
The impact of the Crusades on the Late Middle Ages
On Friday: Multiple Choice
All information from Chapter 14—book and class activities
50 MC questions
40 SOL, 10 AP