1. FLORENCE

2. FLORENCE

3. FLORENCE FOUNDED BY ROMANS ON ARNO RIVER IN TUSCANYFOUNDED BY ROMANS ON ARNO RIVER IN TUSCANY ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE AND TRADE - ESPECIALLY CLOTHECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE AND TRADE - ESPECIALLY CLOTH POPULATION = 90,000. FIFTH LARGEST IN EUROPEPOPULATION = 90,000. FIFTH LARGEST IN EUROPE

4. MILAN FLORENCEROME VENICE

5. GEOGRAPHY & DAILY LIFE DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTSDIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS SOCIAL CLASSES LIVED SIDE BY SIDESOCIAL CLASSES LIVED SIDE BY SIDE “NATURE’S CLOCK” REGULATED DAILY ROUTINE“NATURE’S CLOCK” REGULATED DAILY ROUTINE

6. MAJOR MONUMENTS PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA OR PALAZZO VECCHIO, 1298-1310PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA OR PALAZZO VECCHIO, 1298-1310

8. PONTE VECCHIO (BRIDGE), 1333-1345PONTE VECCHIO (BRIDGE), 1333-1345

10. DUOMO (S. MARIA DEL FIORE), 1290- 1436DUOMO (S. MARIA DEL FIORE), 1290- 1436

13. FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, 1419FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, 1419

14. SAN LORENZO, 1440’SSAN LORENZO, 1440’S PRIVATE PALACES: RUCELLAI, STROZZI, PITTI, MEDICIPRIVATE PALACES: RUCELLAI, STROZZI, PITTI, MEDICI

15. ECONOMY ONE THIRD OF POPULATION DEPENDED ON WOOLEN INDUSTRYONE THIRD OF POPULATION DEPENDED ON WOOLEN INDUSTRY 1,200,00 FLORINS ANNUALLY1,200,00 FLORINS ANNUALLY LANA & CALIMALA GUILDSLANA & CALIMALA GUILDS

16. CAMBIO = BANKING GUILD.CAMBIO = BANKING GUILD. BECAME BANKERS TO POPES. BECAME BANKERS TO POPES. BARDI, PERUZZI, & FRESCOBALDI FIRMS OPERATED THROUGHOUT EUROPE BARDI, PERUZZI, & FRESCOBALDI FIRMS OPERATED THROUGHOUT EUROPE

17. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC ONLY MEMBERS OF 21 GUILDS WERE ELIGIBLE FOR OFFICE (5 - 6OOO)ONLY MEMBERS OF 21 GUILDS WERE ELIGIBLE FOR OFFICE (5 - 6OOO) ORDINANCES OF JUSTICE, 1293 BARRED NOBLES (GRANDI) FROM OFFICEORDINANCES OF JUSTICE, 1293 BARRED NOBLES (GRANDI) FROM OFFICE

18. WORKERS FORBIDDEN TO HAVE GUILDS. NO POLITICAL RIGHTS.WORKERS FORBIDDEN TO HAVE GUILDS. NO POLITICAL RIGHTS.

19. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC WORKERS’ FRUSTRATION LED TO CIOMPI REVOLT, JUNE 1378WORKERS’ FRUSTRATION LED TO CIOMPI REVOLT, JUNE 1378 LOCK OUT RETURNED CITY TO STATUS QUOLOCK OUT RETURNED CITY TO STATUS QUO

20. SIGNORIA OR COLLEGE OF PRIORS DOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICYDOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICY INITIATED LEGISLATIONINITIATED LEGISLATION TWO MONTH TERM : LIVED IN PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIATWO MONTH TERM : LIVED IN PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA ADVISED BY THE “TWELVE” AND THE “SIXTEEN”ADVISED BY THE “TWELVE” AND THE “SIXTEEN”

21. APPOINTED LOWER OFFICIALSAPPOINTED LOWER OFFICIALS SHORT TERMS LESSENED BURDEN OF OFFICESHORT TERMS LESSENED BURDEN OF OFFICE BUT HAMPERED CONTINUITYBUT HAMPERED CONTINUITY TO DEAL WITH DRAWBACK:TO DEAL WITH DRAWBACK: SOME PERMANENT CIVIL SERVANTSSOME PERMANENT CIVIL SERVANTS

22. REQUESTED ADVICE OF RESPECTED FLORENTINE CITIZENSREQUESTED ADVICE OF RESPECTED FLORENTINE CITIZENS APPOINTED SPECIAL COMMITTEES TO DEAL WITH LONG TERM TASKSAPPOINTED SPECIAL COMMITTEES TO DEAL WITH LONG TERM TASKS

23. SIGNORIA INITIATED LAWS TWO LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES VOTED ON SIGNORIA’S LEGISLATIONTWO LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES VOTED ON SIGNORIA’S LEGISLATION COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE (POPOLO)COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE (POPOLO) COUNCIL OF THE COMMUNECOUNCIL OF THE COMMUNE TOTALED 500 MEMBERSTOTALED 500 MEMBERS

24. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC SIGNORIA COUNCIL OF PEOPLE COUNCIL OF COMMUNE

25. POWER IN THE REPUBLIC POWER IN THE REPUBLIC “OLD FAMILIES” LIKE ALBIZZI VERSUS “NEW FAMILIES”“OLD FAMILIES” LIKE ALBIZZI VERSUS “NEW FAMILIES” MERCHANT ARISTOCRATSMERCHANT ARISTOCRATS OLIGARCHY ?OLIGARCHY ? INCLUDED MINOR GUILDS, BUT SYSTEM INSURED “BEST PEOPLE” WERE ELECTEDINCLUDED MINOR GUILDS, BUT SYSTEM INSURED “BEST PEOPLE” WERE ELECTED

26. FLORENTINE TAX SYSTEM GABELLE = TAX ON WINE & SALTGABELLE = TAX ON WINE & SALT LOANSLOANS MONTE DELLA DOTTE = DOWRY FUNDMONTE DELLA DOTTE = DOWRY FUND AFTER 1427, CATASTO = TAX ON WEALTHAFTER 1427, CATASTO = TAX ON WEALTH

27. FACTIONS POLITICAL & ECONOMICPOLITICAL & ECONOMIC FAMILY FACTIONSFAMILY FACTIONS 1430’S TWO POLITICAL “PARTIES”: ALBIZZI & MEDICI1430’S TWO POLITICAL “PARTIES”: ALBIZZI & MEDICI OLD VERSUS NEW FAMILIES, BUT TIES WITHIN EACH PERSONALOLD VERSUS NEW FAMILIES, BUT TIES WITHIN EACH PERSONAL

28. TRIUMPH OF MEDICI COSIMO DE’ MEDICI HEADED LARGEST BANK IN EUROPECOSIMO DE’ MEDICI HEADED LARGEST BANK IN EUROPE COSIMO’S POLITICAL SKILL: LOANS, PUBLIC BUILDINGSCOSIMO’S POLITICAL SKILL: LOANS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS MANIPULATED ELECTORAL SYSTEM TO FILL KEY OFFICESMANIPULATED ELECTORAL SYSTEM TO FILL KEY OFFICES EXILED MOST DANGEROUSEXILED MOST DANGEROUS

29. COSIMO DE MEDICI AVOIDED PUBLIC OFFICEAVOIDED PUBLIC OFFICE JUST AN “ORDINARY CITIZEN”JUST AN “ORDINARY CITIZEN”

30. MEDICI REGIME 1434-1494 CO-OP OF A GROUP OF FAMILIES CO-OP OF A GROUP OF FAMILIES COSIMO, PIERO, & LORENZO DE MEDICICOSIMO, PIERO, & LORENZO DE MEDICI DIRECT SELECTION OF SIGNORIADIRECT SELECTION OF SIGNORIA

31. FICTION THAT REPUBLIC LIVEDFICTION THAT REPUBLIC LIVED MOST SAW STABILITYMOST SAW STABILITY

32. PAZZI CONSPIRACY FAMILY RIVALRYFAMILY RIVALRY LORENZO VS. SIXTUS IVLORENZO VS. SIXTUS IV PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LORENZO INVOLVING PAZZI & POPEPLOT TO ASSASSINATE LORENZO INVOLVING PAZZI & POPE GIULIANO KILLED. LORENZO WOUNDEDGIULIANO KILLED. LORENZO WOUNDED SUPPORT FOR MEDICI STRONGERSUPPORT FOR MEDICI STRONGER

33. GOLDEN AGE OF MEDICI FLORENCE AT PEACE AS RESULT OF LORENZO’S SHIFTING OF ALLIANCESFLORENCE AT PEACE AS RESULT OF LORENZO’S SHIFTING OF ALLIANCES PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS: DONATELLO & MICHELANGELOPATRONAGE OF THE ARTS: DONATELLO & MICHELANGELO

34. AGE OF MEDICI ALSO AGE OF FRA ANGELICO, ALBERTI, FILIPPO LIPPI, UCCELLO, AND LEONARDO DA VINCIAGE OF MEDICI ALSO AGE OF FRA ANGELICO, ALBERTI, FILIPPO LIPPI, UCCELLO, AND LEONARDO DA VINCI

35. REVIVAL OF REPUBLIC PIERO DE MEDICI OVERTHROWN IN 1494PIERO DE MEDICI OVERTHROWN IN 1494 REPUBLIC RESTORED WITH MORE REPRESENTATIVE GREAT COUNCILREPUBLIC RESTORED WITH MORE REPRESENTATIVE GREAT COUNCIL

36. NEW CIVIC PRIDE EMBODIED IN COMMISSIONS TO LEONARDO DA VINCI & MICHELANGELO: DAVIDNEW CIVIC PRIDE EMBODIED IN COMMISSIONS TO LEONARDO DA VINCI & MICHELANGELO: DAVID

38. RETURN OF THE MEDICI 1512, SPANISH ARMY ALLIED WITH PAPACY RESTORED MEDICI RULE1512, SPANISH ARMY ALLIED WITH PAPACY RESTORED MEDICI RULE 1513, MEDICI POPE: LEO X1513, MEDICI POPE: LEO X 1532, SIGNORIA ABOLISHED AND MEDICI = DUKES OF FLORENCE1532, SIGNORIA ABOLISHED AND MEDICI = DUKES OF FLORENCE