1. April 6, 2006 1 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University TAMU-C Proposal Writing Workshop If you don’t write grants, you won’t get any Presented by Mike Cronan, PE, Director, Office of Proposal Development, Texas A&M University Introductory Tips on Proposal WritingProposal Writing Social & Behavioral Sciences & Education Funding Agencies (NSF, NIH, DoED, HHS) Social & Behavioral Sciences Developing Partnerships in Math, Science & Education Developing Partnerships Research Funding Advice & Strategies for Junior Faculty, or Faculty Transitioning Research to New AreasJunior Faculty 8:30 to 2:30 (lunch will be served) 2:30 to 4:30 Individual PI meetings with Mike Cronan Mayo Room, 2rd floor, Memorial Student Center OPD WEB: http://opd.tamu.edu/http://opd.tamu.edu/

2. April 6, 2006 2 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Office of Proposal Development Unit of Vice President for Research Office; Supports faculty in the development and writing of research and educational proposals: center-level initiatives, multidisciplinary research teams, research affinity groups, junior faculty research, diversity in the research enterprise.

3. April 6, 2006 3 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Office of Proposal Development, OPD-WEB OPD-WEB (http://opd.tamu.edu/) is an interactive tool and faculty resource for the development and writing of competitive research and educational proposals to federal agencies and foundations:http://opd.tamu.edu/ Funding opportunities (http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities)http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities Junior faculty support ( http://opd.tamu.edu/resources-for-junior-faculty) http://opd.tamu.edu/resources-for-junior-faculty Proposal resources (http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal-resources)http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal-resources Grant writing seminars (http://opd.tamu.edu/seminar-materials)http://opd.tamu.edu/seminar-materials Grant writing workbook (http://opd.tamu.edu/the-craft-of-writing- workbook)http://opd.tamu.edu/the-craft-of-writing- workbook PI Observations

4. April 6, 2006 4 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Members, Office of Proposal Development Jean Ann Bowman, ecological and environmental sciences/ agriculture-related proposals and centers, jbowman@tamu.edu;jbowman@tamu.edu Libby Childress, Scheduling, resources, training workshop management, project coordination, libbyc@tamu.edu;libbyc@tamu.edu Mike Cronan, center-level proposals, A&M System partnerships, new proposal and training initiatives, mikecronan@tamu.edu;mikecronan@tamu.edu Lucy Deckard, New faculty initiative, fellowships, physical science- related proposals, equipment and instrumentation, interdisciplinary materials group, OPD web management l-deckard@tamu.edu;l-deckard@tamu.edu John Ivy (June 1), biomedical & health related initiatives, NIH Phyllis McBride, craft of proposal writing training, NIH and related agency initiatives in the biomedical, social and behavioral sciences; editing and rewriting, p-mcbride@tamu.edu;p-mcbride@tamu.edu Robyn Pearson, Education, social & behavioral sciences, and humanities-related proposals, interdisciplinary research groups, editing and rewriting, rlpearson@tamu.edurlpearson@tamu.edu

5. April 6, 2006 5 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Presenter Background Mike Cronan, P.E., has 15 years experience at Texas A&M University in planning, developing, and writing successful center-level research and educational proposals. Author of > $60 million in System-wide proposals funded by NSF: Texas AMP, Texas RSI, South Texas RSI, Texas Collaborative for Excellence in Teacher Preparation, CREST Environmental Research Center, Information Technology in Science, CLT. Named Regents Fellow (2000-04) by the Board of Regents for his leadership role in developing and writing NSF funded research and educational partnerships across the A&M System. B.S., Civil Engineering (Structures), University of Michigan, 1983 M.F.A., English, University of California, Irvine, 1972 B.A., Political Science, Michigan State University, 1968 Registered Professional Engineer (Texas 063512, inactive) http://opd.tamu.edu/people

6. April 6, 2006 6 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Open Forum, Q&A Format Audience is encouraged to ask questions continuously; Audience questions will help direct, guide, and focus the discussion on proposal topics.

7. April 6, 2006 7 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Generic Competitive Strategies Understanding the mission, strategic plan, investment priorities, culture, and review criteria of a funding agency will enhance the competitiveness of a proposal. Knowledge about a funding agency helps the applicant make good decisions throughout the entire proposal development and writing process.

8. April 6, 2006 8 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Analysis of the funding agency Know the audience (e.g., program officers, reviewers) and the best way to address them. Identify a fundable idea and characterized it within the context of the agency research investment priorities. Communicate your passion, excitement, commitment, and capacity to perform the proposed research to review panels.

9. April 6, 2006 9 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Develop Agency Specific Knowledge Base Electronic Funding Alert Services / Email Alerts http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities/electronic-funding-alert-services-email-alerts Grants.gov http://www.grants.gov/ http://www.grants.gov/search/subscribeAll.do MYNSF http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities/electronic-funding-alert-services-email-alerts NIH National Institutes of Health Listserv http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/listserv.htm U.S. Dept. of Education, EDINFO http://listserv.ed.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A1=ind05&L=edinfo

10. April 6, 2006 10 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Writing a competitive proposal Preparing to write Developing hypothesis & research plan Preliminary data & background data Writing the proposal

11. April 6, 2006 11 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Preparing to write a competitive proposal Develop a sound, testable hypothesis Ask other faculty to review proposal for competitiveness of ideas and appropriateness to agency Understand the program guidelines (RFP) Relationship with program officers (e.g., NIH/NSF) Understand funding agency culture, language, mission, strategic plan, research investment priorities (e.g. NIH Roadmap, NSF Strategic Plan) Understand the agency review criteria, review process, & review panels ( http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal- resources/understanding-the-proposal-review-process-by-agency) http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal- resources/understanding-the-proposal-review-process-by-agency

12. April 6, 2006 12 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Developing the hypothesis & research plan Review research currently funded by an agency within your research domain (e.g., reports, abstracts) Communicate your research passion and capacity to perform to reviewers Know your audience (e.g., agency, program officers, reviewers) Explain how your research fits the agency; Support claims of research uniqueness and innovation Build on your research expertise Do not present overly ambitious research plans

13. April 6, 2006 13 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Preliminary data & background data Present evidence of “research readiness” to show the proposed work can be accomplished Present evidence of institutional support for the research (e.g., facilities, equipment & instrumentation) Know what counts as preliminary and background data and how much is sufficient Map your research directions and interests to funding agency research priorities (e.g. NIH Roadmap)

14. April 6, 2006 14 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Writing the proposal Tell a good story grounded in good science that excites the reviewers and program officers Ensuring the proposal is competitive for funding— Proposal Form Use program guidelines as a proposal template Use program guidelines as a proposal template Good writing, clear arguments, reviewer friendly text (don’t make reviewers work), organization, figures, etc. Good writing, clear arguments, reviewer friendly text (don’t make reviewers work), organization, figures, etc. Proposal Content

15. April 6, 2006 15 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University If you don’t write grants, you won’t get any – Important to have your proposal targeted. Look for the intersection of: where research dollars are available; your technical interests; and where you can write a competitive proposal within the time you have available. Researchers have a lot of great ideas but if not in scope of the agency it will not be funded; For proposals that have RFPs, or others that are blue sky, unsolicited research, the key is to have a good idea that you are enough of an entrepreneur to sell someone else that it is a good idea and worthy of funding.

16. April 6, 2006 16 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University If you don’t write grants, you won’t get any Get someone who writes well to read your proposal for coherence and “hook” and to review the writing, Remember your reviewers are broader in scope than your one proposal and if you get too technical you get too many reviewers that don’t understand; Some think if you submit your best idea it will be stolen but if you submit your second best idea it won’t be funded.

17. April 6, 2006 17 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Relates to purposes & goals of the applicant agency. Adheres to the content and format guidelines of the applicant agency. Establish your major points succinctly & repeatedly. Directed toward the appropriate audience--i.e., those who review the proposal. Write for technically diverse reviewers; intelligent readers, not experts Avoid unnecessary complexity and technical minutia

18. April 6, 2006 18 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Addresses the review criteria of the funding agency. Interesting to read; compelling ideas; conveys excitement to reviewers. Uses a clear, concise, coherent writing style, free of jargon, superfluous information, and undefined acronyms -- i.e., easy to read. Organized in a logical manner that is easy to follow; use RFP as an organizational template. Use of figures, graphs, charts, and other visuals. Proofread so it is free of grammatical errors, misspellings, & typos.

19. April 6, 2006 19 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Clear, concise, informative abstract that stands alone and serves as roadmap to the narrative. Clearly stated goals and objectives not buried in a morass of dense narrative densely formatted. Clearly documents the need to be met or problems to be solved by the proposed project. Indicates that the project's hypotheses rest on sufficient evidence and are conceptually sound. Clearly describes who will do the work (who), the methods that will be employed (how), which facilities or location will be used (where), and a timetable of performance outcomes (when).

20. April 6, 2006 20 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Justifies the significance and/or contribution of the project on current scientific knowledge. Includes appropriate and sufficient citations to prior work, ongoing studies, and related literature. Establishes the competence and scholarship PI Does not assume that reviewers "know what you mean."

21. April 6, 2006 21 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Makes no unsupported assumptions. Discusses potential pitfalls & alternative approaches. Plan for evaluating data or the success of project. Is of reasonable scope; not overly ambitious. Work can be accomplished in the time allotted. Demonstrates that PIs and the organization are qualified to perform the proposed project; Does not assume that the applicant agency "knows all about you."

22. April 6, 2006 22 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Includes vitae which demonstrate the credentials required (e.g., do not use promotion and tenure vitae replete with institutional committee assignments for a research proposal.) Documents facilities necessary for the success of the project. Includes necessary letters of support and other supporting documentation. Includes a bibliography of cited references.

23. April 6, 2006 23 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Elements of a Successful Proposal Budget Has a budget which corresponds to the narrative: all major elements detailed in the budget are described in the narrative and vice versa. Has a budget sufficient to perform the tasks described in the narrative. Has a budget which corresponds to the applicant agency's guidelines with respect to content and detail, including a budget justification if required. The forgoing list was collected from various sources, including Rebecca Claycamp, assistant chair, Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh

24. April 6, 2006 24 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Social & Behavioral Sciences Social & Behavioral Sciences & Education Funding Agencies (NSF, NIH, HHS, DoED) Gain a better understanding of each agency Agency cultures Competitive strategies Comparisons among and between agencies Review processes Strategies for developing multidisciplinary proposals

25. April 6, 2006 25 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Types of Research Agencies & Research Basic research agencies (NIH, NSF); Mission-focused agencies (DoED); Hypothesis-driven research; Need- or applications driven research at agencies. http://opd.tamu.edu/the-craft-of-grant-writing- workbook/manual/the-craft-of-grant-writing-workbook/analyzing- funding-agencies http://opd.tamu.edu/the-craft-of-grant-writing- workbook/manual/the-craft-of-grant-writing-workbook/analyzing- funding-agencies

26. April 6, 2006 26 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University National Institutes of Health It is interesting to get the "other side of the story" especially with respect to funding priorities and how they can change very quickly given specific research findings (not that the funding is immediately available for new projects, but more like decisions are made quickly about how to re-prioritize). Funding is definitely tight at NIH right now and will be for the next few years. Applications have to be exemplary and very much tied to the current strategic plan of each institute and center. I guess that's what you guys have been preaching for some time....it just seems particularly relevant now. Susan E. Maier, Ph.D., Office of Scientific Affairs, NIH/NIAAA (prior OPD)

27. April 6, 2006 27 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH Reference Toolkit All About NIH Grants, Writing the R01 http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/default.htm Annotated R01 Grant Application and Summary Statement http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/app/default.htm How to Write a NIH Grant Application http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/write/write_pf.htm Advice for New Investigators: Who is a New Investigator? http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/plan/plan_i1.htm http://www.training.nih.gov/careers/careercenter/grants.html Develop a Strong Hypothesis http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/plan/plan_c1.htm Research Plan Section a. Specific Aims http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/write/write_j1.htm Proposal Writing: The Business of Science (NIH) http://www.whitaker.org/sanders.html NIH Grant Writing Handbook, Univ. Pennsylvania http://www.med.upenn.edu/rpd/documents/gwm.pdf

28. April 6, 2006 28 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Social Work Links: HHS, NIH & others HHS Funding ( http://www.hhs.gov/grants/index.shtml ) http://www.hhs.gov/grants/index.shtml HHS Funding for Women’s Health ( http://www.4woman.gov/fund/) http://www.4woman.gov/fund/ HHS Funding Opportunities, ACF ( http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/grant/fundingopportunities/fundopport.htm ) http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/hsb/grant/fundingopportunities/fundopport.htm HHS Office of Community Services Funding (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/grants/grants_ocs.html)http://www.acf.hhs.gov/grants/grants_ocs.html Research on Social Work Practice and Concepts in Health (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-081.html)http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-081.html Research on Social Work Practice and Concepts in Health (R03) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-082.html)http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-082.html GWB School of Social Work, Washington Univ. (http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/library/websites.html)http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/library/websites.html A Guide to Internet Resources in Social Work (http://www.abacon.com/internetguides/social/weblinks.html);http://www.abacon.com/internetguides/social/weblinks.html

29. April 6, 2006 29 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Social Work Links: HHS & others Social Work Internet Resources (http://www.hshsl.umaryland.edu/resources/socialwork.html)http://www.hshsl.umaryland.edu/resources/socialwork.html Institute for Advancement of Social Work Research (http://www.charityadvantage.com/iaswr/TechnicalResources.asp)http://www.charityadvantage.com/iaswr/TechnicalResources.asp Ball State Social Funding (http://www.bsu.edu/oarsp/pubs/htmlnewsltr/dec2003/social.htm)http://www.bsu.edu/oarsp/pubs/htmlnewsltr/dec2003/social.htm LSU Health Science Center Funding ( http://nursing.lsuhsc.edu/ResearchAndEvaluation/Research/FundingOpportunities.html ) http://nursing.lsuhsc.edu/ResearchAndEvaluation/Research/FundingOpportunities.html CNDC Funding (http://www.cndc2.org/funding_opportunities.htm#recent)http://www.cndc2.org/funding_opportunities.htm#recent

30. April 6, 2006 30 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Selected Slides for NIH

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36. April 6, 2006 36 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH: Don't Propose Too Much Sharpen the focus of your application. Novice applicants often overshoot their mark, proposing too much. Make sure the scale of your hypothesis and aims fits your request of time and resources.aims Reviewers will quickly pick up on how well matched these elements are. Reviewers Your hypothesis should be provable and aims doable with the resources you are requesting.

37. April 6, 2006 37 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH: Develop a Solid HypothesisHypothesis Many top-notch NIH grant applications are driven by strong hypotheses rather than advances in technology (NSF, DoD counterpoint). Think of your hypothesis as the foundation of your application -- the conceptual underpinning on which the entire structure rests. Generally applications should ask questions that prove or disprove a hypothesis rather than use a method to search for a problem or simply collect information.

38. April 6, 2006 38 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH: Develop a Solid Hypothesis Choose an important, testable, focused hypothesis that increases understanding of biologic processes, diseases, treatments, or preventions. It should be based on previous research. State your hypothesis in both the specific aims section of the research plan and the abstract.specific aims research planabstract Avoid a fishing expedition. Reviewers see many grants that did not have a hypothesis; rather, the investigator was obviously hoping that something interesting would pop up in the course of his or her investigation. That sort of approach is not appealing to a study section.

39. April 6, 2006 39 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH: Applications Driven Research A new trend is pushing NIH toward more applied research. Especially in key areas, such as studies of organisms used for bioterrorism, NIH is turning more to applications seeking to discover basic biology or develop or use a new technology. If your application is not hypothesis-based, state this in your cover letter and give the reasons why the work is important.cover letter

40. April 6, 2006 40 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Section a. Specific Aims Your specific aims are the objectives of your research project, what you want to accomplish, and your project milestones.specific aims Write this section for audiences, primary reviewers and other reviewers, since they'll all read it.primary reviewers reviewers Choose aims reviewers can easily assess. Your aims are the accomplishments by which the success of your project is measured. Recommended length of this section is one page. A common mistake new applicants make is being too ambitious. You should probably limit your proposal to three to four specific aims. Design your specific aims and experiments so they answer the question posed by the hypothesis. Organize and define your aims so you can relate them directly to your research methods.

41. April 6, 2006 41 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH: Investigator-initiated review criteria Significance Does the study address an important problem? Approach Are the design and methods appropriate to the address the aims? Innovation Does the project employ novel concepts, approaches, methods? Investigator Is the investigator appropriately trained to carry out the study? Environment Will the scientific environment contribute to the probability of success?

42. April 6, 2006 42 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Developing Partnerships Developing Partnerships in Mathematics, Science & Education There are three general categories of grants made to universities by federal agencies that include educational partnership components: research grants, integrated research and education grants, and education grants.

43. April 6, 2006 43 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Key Partnership Infrastructures Developing educational partnerships or partnerships to address agency specific educational and outreach components to research proposals, include: institutional commitment to the effort resources available on campus, effective models, evaluation and assessment capacities, defining long term objectives and outcomes.

44. April 6, 2006 44 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Required Educational Partnerships Increasingly, principal investigators are required by federal research agencies, most notably the National Science Foundation, to address educational or related activities in research proposals. At NSF, this requirement derives from two agency- wide priorities: 1) the agency strategy for the integration of research and education and 2) the broader impacts review criterion (http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal- resources/broaderimpacts/main.html).http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal- resources/broaderimpacts/main.html However, many researchers struggle with the boarder impacts requirement, and often seek help in developing this section of the proposal and implementing and evaluating it if funded.

45. April 6, 2006 45 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Educational Partnership Topics Topics will include: Developing and writing educational components to research grants, Developing and writing any required evaluation and assessment components; Linking to successful broader impacts models, Linking to other groups on campus that can implement the required broader impacts or educational components to research grants

46. April 6, 2006 46 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Define Community of Interest Researchers Providers of educational components Providers of educational component models Providers of evaluation and assessment Writers of educational components of research grants

47. April 6, 2006 47 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Define Educational Components by Agency National Science Foundation Broader Impacts criterion Research-education integration core strategy Societal impacts National Institutions of Health Educational objectives mostly separate programs NASA Education and Public Outreach http://science.hq.nasa.gov/research/epo.htm http://ssibroker.colorado.edu/Broker/Eval_criteria/Guide/Default.ht m http://ssibroker.colorado.edu/Broker/Eval_criteria/Guide/Default.ht m Energy, NOAA, Others

48. April 6, 2006 48 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NSF Broader Impacts The advance of discovery and understanding; Improvement of the participation of underrepresented groups; Enhancement of the education/research infrastructure; Broad dissemination of results; and Benefits of the activity to society at large. http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf032/bicexamples.pdf

49. April 6, 2006 49 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 1. Tips on Developing Partnerships Fully committed PI with institutional support Beware “good idea” that lacks institutional advocate Analysis of the RFP Assemble proposal development team Partnerships/collaboratives are often more competitive Ensure team members "brings something to the table"

50. April 6, 2006 50 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 2. Tips on Developing Partnerships Clearly define reasons for and nature of partnership State concise benefits of the partnership Review each team member's relevance to the RFP Develop major concepts specific to each RFP item

51. April 6, 2006 51 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 3. Tips on Developing Partnerships Develop strong arguments specific to each RFP item or objective Integrate specific objectives into overarching vision or strategic plan Integrate evaluation and assessment (http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal-resources/online-project-evaluation- assessment-resources-for-principal-investigators)http://opd.tamu.edu/proposal-resources/online-project-evaluation- assessment-resources-for-principal-investigators

52. April 6, 2006 52 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 4. Tips on Developing Partnerships Initial teaming process and brainstorming will not be linear Distill concepts and arguments into linear presentation Converge drafts and interactions to final text

53. April 6, 2006 53 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Research Funding Advice & Strategies for Junior Faculty & Other ResearchersStrategies for Junior Faculty How to be successful in winning funding early in your research career; Special challenges and opportunities available to new faculty as they work to establish their research program and to compete for federal research funding;establish their research program NSF, NIH and related Young Faculty CAREER awardsCAREER

54. April 6, 2006 54 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 1. How to be successful in winning funding Critical to gain as much informal insight into funding situation as possible; Each agency has its own culture, its own track. Your research should be what you love – not just what is popular; Make yourself known in the scientific community and to reviewers. Give talks at meetings, seminars – know how to be politically savvy and engaged with peer community; Make your scientific enterprise work for you; Publish

55. April 6, 2006 55 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 2. How to be successful in winning funding Experience working with large interdisciplinary teams. Different agencies have a different view of research. Choose your opportunities carefully – it’s easy to see your own research interests in many different solicitations, but you have to do your homework and review the agency, the solicitations, and look for related workshops and primary documents that have led to the solicitations. Particularly at NSF, know your program manager. Don’t hesitate to call.

56. April 6, 2006 56 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 3. How to be successful in winning funding As junior faculty, if you have start-up funds, you want to spend some of that to develop preliminary data to develop your track record. Use it as a foundation to move forward. The role of mentors is critical. Some junior faculty just need the support. Learning how to write, learning about the agency. What does the RFP really mean?

57. April 6, 2006 57 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 4. How to be successful in winning funding It is crucial to read the RFP very carefully. Write to the RFP. You have to respond to every item. Proposals take a lot of effort. Don’t lose because of some overlooked requirement. Get help from others who have read the RFP or who have funding already. Your summary or abstract is critical. That can be what sells your proposal – makes reviewers want to keep reading. It should include all the critical points of your proposal.

58. April 6, 2006 58 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 5. How to be successful in winning funding At NSF, it is very important to know the program officers. They have power. They keep up with trends in their field. They need to know your name. They’ll work with you. However, just because you know the PD doesn’t guarantee funding. There are checks and balances at NSF. There’s still a peer review process. It is a professional relationship, and it’s objective. Just getting along with the program officer won’t turn bad science into good science.

59. April 6, 2006 59 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 6. How to be successful in winning funding Consider writing a white paper first, particularly for unsolicited proposals to NSF, defense agencies or others. Call the program manager – often there is money set aside. They’re looking for new ideas, but won’t just fund a cold proposal. Send the white paper and ask if they’re interested or if they know someone who might be. This saves you time and gives you a reasonable chance of getting funded. A white paper is a broad-brushed outline – what you will gain and why it will be successful and how you’ll do it, and rough costs.

60. April 6, 2006 60 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 7. How to be successful in winning funding It is informative to look at what has been funded before, especially if you’re having trouble finding out what the RFP means. Also, you can see workshop documents, etc. You can prepare by going to workshops – get to know the research community and the program directors. If you’re involved in the planning of future directions, you’re in a better position for future funding. Might be difficult for a young faculty, but certainly should do this as your career develops.

61. April 6, 2006 61 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 8. How to be successful in winning funding A common mistake among young investigators is to combine 3 projects into what should be only one. Focus is the key term – write a blue sky section at the end, if you like, talking about what your plans are for the future. It doesn’t matter how good your idea is; if it is not well presented, it won’t get funded. The opposite is also true; no matter how well written a proposal is, if the science isn’t there, it won’t get funded. You have to have both form and content. If your proposal has grammatical errors or is hard to follow, it can indicate sloppy research to reviewers.

62. April 6, 2006 62 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Twelve Steps To A Winning Research Proposal by George A. Hazelrigg, NSF I have been an NSF program director for 18 years. During this time, I have personally administered the review of some 3,000 proposals and been involved in the review of perhaps another 10,000. Through this experience, I have come to see that often there are real differences between winning proposals and losing proposals. The differences are clear. Largely, they are not subjective differences or differences of quality; to a large extent, losing proposals are just plain missing elements that are found in winning proposals.

63. April 6, 2006 63 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 1. Know yourself: (Back)Back Know your area of expertise, what are your strengths and what are your weaknesses. Play to your strengths, not to your weaknesses. Do not assume that, because you do not understand an area, no one understands it or that there has been no previous research conducted in the area. If you want to get into a new area of research, learn something about the area before you write a proposal. Research previous work. Be a scholar.

64. April 6, 2006 64 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 2. Know program from which you seek support: You are responsible for finding the appropriate program for support of your research. Don’t leave this task up to someone else. If you are not absolutely certain which program is appropriate, call the program officer to find out. Never submit a proposal to a program if you are not certain that it is the correct program to support your area of research. Proposals submitted inappropriately to programs may be returned without review, transferred to other programs where they are likely to be declined, or simply trashed in the program to which you submit. In any case, you have wasted your time writing a proposal that has no chance of success from the get-go.

65. April 6, 2006 65 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 3. Read the program announcement: Programs and special activities have specific goals and specific requirements. If you don’t meet those goals and requirements, you have thrown out your chance of success. Read the announcement for what it says, not for what you want it to say. If your research does not fit easily within the scope of the topic areas outlined, your chance of success is nil.

66. April 6, 2006 66 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 4. Formulate an appropriate research objective: A research proposal is a proposal to conduct research, not to conduct development or design or some other activity. Research is a methodical process of building upon previous knowledge to derive or discover new knowledge, that is, something that isn’t known before the research is conducted. In formulating a research objective, be sure that it hasn’t been proven impossible (for example, “My research objective is to find a geometric construction to trisect an angle”), that it is doable within a reasonable budget and in a reasonable time, that you can do it, and that it is research, not development.

67. April 6, 2006 67 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 5. Develop a viable research plan: A viable research plan is a plan to accomplish your research objective that has a non-zero probability of success. The focus of the plan must be to accomplish the research objective. In some cases, it is appropriate to validate your results. In such cases, a valid validation plan should be part of your research plan. If there are potential difficulties lurking in your plan, do not hide from them, but make them clear and, if possible, suggest alternative approaches to achieving your objective. A good research plan lays out step-by-step the approach to accomplishment of the research objective. It does not gloss over difficult areas with statements like, “We will use computers to accomplish this solution.”

68. April 6, 2006 68 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 6. State research objective clearly in proposal: A good research proposal includes a clear statement of the research objective. Early in the proposal is better than later in the proposal. The first sentence of the proposal is a good place. A good first sentence might be, “The research objective of this proposal is...” Do not use the word “develop” in the statement of your research objective. It is, after all, supposed to be a research objective, not a development objective. Many proposals include no statement of the research objective whatsoever. The vast majority of these are not funded. Remember that a research proposal is not a research paper. Do not spend the first 10 pages building up suspense over what is the research objective.

69. April 6, 2006 69 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 7. Frame project around the work of others: Remember that research builds on the extant knowledge base, that is, upon the work of others. Be sure to frame your project appropriately, acknowledging the current limits of knowledge and making clear your contribution to the extension of these limits. Be sure that you include references to the extant work of others. Proposals that include references only to the work of the principal investigator stand a negligible probability of success. Also frame your project in terms of its broader impact to the field and to society. Describe the benefit to society if your project is successful. A good statement is, “If successful, the benefits of this research will be...”

70. April 6, 2006 70 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 8. Grammar and spelling count: Proposals are not graded on grammar. But if the grammar is not perfect, the result is ambiguities left to the reviewer to resolve. Ambiguities make the proposal difficult to read and often impossible to understand, and often result in low ratings. Be sure your grammar is perfect. Also be sure every word is correctly spelled. If the word you want to use is not in the spell checker, consider carefully its use. Not in the spell checker usually means that most people won’t understand it. With only very special exceptions, it is not advisable to use words that are not in the spell checker. Reviewers used to say, “He’s just an engineer. Don’t mind the fact that he can’t spell.” Now they say, “He’s proposing to do complex computer modeling, but he doesn’t know how to use the spell checker...”

71. April 6, 2006 71 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 9. Format and brevity are important: Do not feel that your proposal is rated based on its weight. Do not do your best to be as verbose as possible, to cover every conceivable detail, to use the smallest permissible fonts, and to get the absolute most out of each sheet of paper. Reviewers hate being challenged to read densely prepared text or to read obtusely prepared matter. Use 12 point fonts, use easily legible fonts, use generous margins. Take pity on the reviewers. Make your proposal a pleasant reading experience that puts important concepts up front and makes them clear. Use figures appropriately to make and clarify points, but not as filler. Remember, you are writing this proposal to the reviewers, not to yourself. Remember that exceeding page limits or other format criteria, even marginally, can disqualify your proposal from consideration.

72. April 6, 2006 72 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 10. Know the review process: Know how your proposal will be reviewed before you write it. Proposals that are reviewed by panels must be written to a broader audience than proposals that will be reviewed by mail. Mail review can seek out reviewers with very specific expertise in very narrow disciplines. This is not possible in panels. Know approximately how many proposals will be reviewed with yours and plan not to overburden the reviewers with minutia. Keep in mind that, the more proposals a panel considers, the more difficult it will be for panelists to remember specific details of your proposal. Remember, the main objective here is to write your proposal to get it through the review process successfully. It is not the objective of your proposal to brag about yourself or your research, nor is it the objective to seek to publish your proposal. Again, your proposal is a proposal, it is not a research paper.

73. April 6, 2006 73 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 11. Proof read your proposal before it is sent: Many proposals are sent out with idiotic mistakes, omissions, and errors of all sorts. NSF program managers have seen proposals come in with research schedules pasted in from other proposals unchanged, with dates referring to the stone age and irrelevant research tasks. Proposals have been submitted with the list of references omitted and with the references not referred to. Proposals have been submitted to the wrong program. Proposals have been submitted with misspellings in the title. These proposals were not successful. Stupid things like this kill a proposal. It is easy to catch them with a simple, but careful, proof reading. Don’t spend six or eight weeks writing a proposal just to kill it with stupid mistakes that are easily prevented.

74. April 6, 2006 74 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University 12. Submit your proposal on time: Duh? Why work for two months on a proposal just to have it disqualified for being late? Remember, fairness dictates that proposal submission rules must apply to everyone. It is not up to the discretion of the program officer to grant you dispensation on deadlines. That would be unfair to everyone else, and it could invalidate the entire competition. Equipment failures, power outages, hurricanes and tornadoes, and even internal problems at your institution are not valid excuses. As adults, you are responsible for getting your proposal in on time. If misfortune befalls you, it’s tough luck. Don’t take chances. Get your proposal in two or three days before the deadline.

75. April 6, 2006 75 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Improve your prospects for success as an academic researcher (by George A. Hazelrigg, NSF) There are two more things that you can do to vastly improve your prospects for success as an academic researcher. First, you have to know yourself as well as you can. Who are you? Where are you going? Where do you want to go? I strongly urge people, especially young faculty just starting their careers, to write a strategic plan for their life. Where are you today? Where do you want to be in five years, ten years, twenty years? Then create a roadmap of how to get from where you are to where you want to be in the future. The focus of this roadmap should be the things over which you have control, and it should acknowledge the things over which you have no control. If you can’t write such a plan, then your goals for the future are not realistic. You can revise the plan as often as you wish. But the fact that the plan exists will influence your proposal in a very positive way, as it will place the research project you propose into the broad context of your life plan.

76. April 6, 2006 76 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Resources for Junior Faculty http://opd.tamu.edu/resources-for-junior-faculty Funding for Junior Faculty http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities/funding-opportunities- by-category/programs-for-junior-faculty.html http://opd.tamu.edu/funding-opportunities/funding-opportunities- by-category/programs-for-junior-faculty.html

77. April 6, 2006 77 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Early Career Programs for Faculty (Back)Back NSF CAREER DoD Young Investigator (ONR, ARL) Congressionally Mandated Directed Medical Research Programs Young Investigator NASA New Investigator Program in Earth-Sun Systems NIH Scientist Development Award for New Minority Faculty Career Development Awards (K-awards) Esp. Career Transition (K22) Award Esp. Career Transition (K22) Award NIAMS Small Grants Program for New Investigators

78. April 6, 2006 78 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Early Career Programs for Faculty Foundations Burroughs Wellcome Fund PhRMA Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Early Career Fellowship in Economic Studies Kellogg Forum Rising Stars, etc. Professional organization “early career” or “young investigator” programs American Philosophical Society – Franklin Research Grants Listing of Programs http://www.spo.berkeley.edu/Fund/newfaculty.html

79. April 6, 2006 79 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NSF CAREER Program Duration: 5 years Funding level: “minimum” $400K total (except min. $500K total for BIO directorate) Eligibility: Have a PhD Untenured, holding tenure-track Asst. Prof. position or equivalent Have not competed in CAREER more than two times previously Have not won a CAREER award Due: July 19 – 21 depending on directorate Typical 10 – 20% success rate Solicitation: http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf05579 http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf05579

80. April 6, 2006 80 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Key Points for CAREER Career Development Plan to “build a firm foundation for a lifetime of integrated contributions to research and education” Where is your field going over the next 20 years? What will help you become established at national level? Establish that you have the experience and resources to accomplish what you propose

81. April 6, 2006 81 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Key Points (cont’d) Integrated Education Plan Along with Broader Impacts, often the discriminator among many technically good proposals Looking for innovative approaches to integrating education and research Use strategic approach; don’t overburden yourself with unreasonable education workload Do what interests you, makes sense for your project Be sure to address diversity issues

82. April 6, 2006 82 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Key Points (cont’d) Outreach and Broader Impacts Broaden participation of under-rep. groups Dissemination Societal benefits Improve infrastructure for research Discuss throughout proposal AND in separate section in both Project Summary and Description Connect to existing programs (ITS Center, Research Experiences for Teachers, Research Experiences for Undergraduates, Rural Systemic Initiatives, etc. - more later)

83. April 6, 2006 83 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Review Criteria Intellectual Merit and Broader Impacts equally weighted Must show you have the skills to carry out the project Collaboration helpful, especially if moving into new area; need letter saying you are collaborating (no co- PIs) If moving into new area explain why this area should be investigated Data from your prior work good idea Publications in area greatly improves competitiveness

84. April 6, 2006 84 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Review Criteria Support from your department is critical Highlight benefits of your project to the department (does it add important capabilities, fit in with department’s strategic plan, bring in new infrastructure?) Discuss any connections to NSF priority areas, even if peripheral State benefits of your research clearly Why is it important? How will it advance knowledge in field? Societal benefits Be sure to emphasize integration of education and research

85. April 6, 2006 85 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University “Strengths of Successful Proposals Novel or high-impact research focus Innovative research plan Education plan is well-developed, integrated with research and includes some consideration of evaluating its success Education plan goes beyond routine course development expected of all assistant professors” Quoted from J. Tornow presentation at QEM Workshop http://qemnetwork.qem.org:16080/tornow_presentation/Joanne.htm http://qemnetwork.qem.org:16080/tornow_presentation/Joanne.htm

86. April 6, 2006 86 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University “Weaknesses of Unsuccessful CAREER Proposals Research is either too ambitious or too narrowly focused Proposed methods do not address the stated research goals Educational component is either limited to routine courses or is unrealistically overambitious Integration of research and education is weak or uninspired” Quoted from J. Tornow presentation at QEM Workshop http://qemnetwork.qem.org:16080/tornow_presentation/Joanne.htm

87. April 6, 2006 87 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Typical CAREER Review Process Program director identifies 3 to 6 reviewers with expertise in technical area Note: PI can suggest reviewers Advantage if reviewers are familiar with PI or PI’s advisor Proposal mailed to reviewers, who focus on technical merit Does research address an important question in the field? Is research innovative and exciting? Is it likely that the researcher will be successful in reaching her/his goals Are researcher’s goals and methods clear? May evaluate education, broader impacts but not main focus

88. April 6, 2006 88 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Typical Review Process After mail reviews, proposal reviewed by panel at NSF How well does proposed work integrate education with research? Is education plan innovative and does it make sense for project? What are broader impacts? How well does project promote diversity? Balance of topics of funded projects (i.e., won’t fund 10 projects in same area) Process varies by directorate For example, Physics directorate does not have mail reviews

89. April 6, 2006 89 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Coming up with a Research Idea What do you want to do? Does it address important questions in your field? Is it novel and cutting-edge Not incremental improvement or refinement of established research Where is your field going in the next 20 years? Do you have the background and resources to accomplish your goals? If you are moving into a new but related area, be sure you discuss collaborations with researchers who will fill any gaps Will it contribute to your career goals? Will it contribute to your department’s goals? Important: Talk to your department head and research departmental goals!

90. April 6, 2006 90 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Next Step – Strategic Info Gathering Determine which NSF program to submit your proposal to. Extremely important! Submitting to wrong program can doom good proposal. Do this by e-mailing or calling program director. Have a paragraph summary of your proposed research prepared. Use NSF web site Search awarded CAREER projects in directorate Check program goals Talk to senior researchers in the area: where are they funded?

91. April 6, 2006 91 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University General Writing Advice Follow directions! (See solicitation, Grant Proposal Guide) Make it easy to read and understand Reviewer may be scanning your proposal on an airplane Use bullets, tables, graphs, illustrations as much as possible – this is what they will look at first Watch your font; the Grant Proposal Guide gives rules on minimum font size. Best to stay at 12 pt for readability

92. April 6, 2006 92 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University General Writing Advice (cont’d) Make the main points easy to find Put them at the beginning of the paragraph Use underline, bold, white space, etc. Specifically state all benefits of your project Even if it’s obvious to you, may not be obvious to reviewer outside your area Communicate your excitement!

93. April 6, 2006 93 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Summary (1 page) Clearly address intellectual merit and broader impacts separately (and label them) – if you don’t, your proposal will be returned without review! This is a sales document and may be the only thing the reviewer will read Must pique the reviewer’s interest State up front the advantages of your project (technical, societal, diversity, etc.) – don’t be shy! Summary should be clear and easy to read; spend a lot of time on this!

94. April 6, 2006 94 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description (15 pages) Description of proposed research project Description of proposed educational activities Description of how research and educational activites are integrated Results of Prior NSF support, if applicable (5 pgs max) Last 5 years Report on only one program (most closely related)

95. April 6, 2006 95 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description Objectives and Significance Relation of research to current state of knowledge Outline of Plan of Work including evaluation of education activities Relation of plan to career goals and responsibilities Relation of plan to department goals Prior Research and Education Accomplishments

96. April 6, 2006 96 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description Objectives and Significance of Plan State your objectives clearly and at the beginning; include education goals Describe briefly how your plan will advance knowledge in the field, improve education, provide societal benefits, etc. Background – relationship of research to current state of knowledge in the field Provide enough background to bring non-expert in field up to speed and demonstrate your knowledge Give plenty of references, particularly of experts in field (who may be reviewing your proposal) Do not be dismissive of previous work Do not be dismissive of previous work Relationship of education activities to research on effective teaching and learning in your field

97. April 6, 2006 97 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description (cont’d) Your Prior Work Describe what you have done to date in area Cite publications Present any data you have generated Establish your expertise in the area (or in related area) Use graphs, figures, etc. where possible Avoid too dense text Avoid too dense text Describe any directly related education experience

98. April 6, 2006 98 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description Plan of Work Measurable goals and objectives (research, education, diversity, outreach, etc.) Methods and Procedures (include education evaluation methods) Be sure to discuss broader impact, diversity, outreach, etc. Be sure to discuss broader impact, diversity, outreach, etc. Include activity and milestone chart by year (both research and education included in each year)

99. April 6, 2006 99 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Project Description Examples of Education Components Go more than would be expected as part of your job Develop a course related to your research Must be innovative (e.g., active learning approach, technology assisted learning, interdisciplinary outlook, connection with industry, communication, ethics or sociology component, etc.; refer to NSF- funded Foundation Coalition) Must be innovative (e.g., active learning approach, technology assisted learning, interdisciplinary outlook, connection with industry, communication, ethics or sociology component, etc.; refer to NSF- funded Foundation Coalition) Involve undergraduates in research What is your goal? What is your goal? Encourage them to continue to grad school? Then include mentoring, info on application process Encourage them to continue to grad school? Then include mentoring, info on application process Prepare them for industry? Then connect them with industrial representatives, potential internships Prepare them for industry? Then connect them with industrial representatives, potential internships Innovative graduate student education Interdisciplinary focus, international component, etc. Interdisciplinary focus, international component, etc.

100. April 6, 2006 100 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Treat Education as a Scholarly Enterprise Cite research and publications on best education practices, suggested reforms 1999 National Research Council report; How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School NRC report: Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment. NSF report: SHAPING THE FUTURE: New Expectations for Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology The Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University, REINVENTING UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION: A Blueprint for America's Research Universities Discipline-specific pubs: e.g., BIO 2010: Transforming Undergraduate Education for Future Research Biologists (2003), Committee on Undergraduate Biology Education to Prepare Research Scientists for the 21st Century, National Research Council of the National Academies, The National Academies Press. Pilot Study to Establish the Nature and Impact of Effective Undergraduate Research Experiences on Learning, Attitude, and Career Choice, Research on Learning and Education (ROLE), David E. Lopatto, Principal Investigator, Grinnell

101. April 6, 2006 101 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Education Component Goals should be specific and measurable Evaluation should measure how well your approach is working E.g., percentage of undergrads mentored continuing to grad school, improvement in test scores, etc. E.g., percentage of undergrads mentored continuing to grad school, improvement in test scores, etc. See NSF Handbook on Evaluation at http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf02057 http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf02057 Plans should include details to make them “real” E.g., Number of students served, need being addressed with statistics Check with your College for statistics on enrollment, etc.

102. April 6, 2006 102 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Broader Impacts and Outreach Address diversity issues! Examples (choose what interests you and make sense for your project) Work with K-12 teachers Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) supplement Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) supplement Connect with PEER Program Connect with PEER Program Work with pre-service teachers Work with pre-service teachers Work with undergrads from other schools (e.g., minority serving) Research Experiences for Undergraduates supplement (is there an REU site in your department?) Research Experiences for Undergraduates supplement (is there an REU site in your department?)

103. April 6, 2006 103 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Broader Impacts – More Examples Work with high school students on Science Fair projects Work with Community College teachers Collaborate with faculty from smaller and/or minority serving institutions Give them summer access to your facilities Give them summer access to your facilities Connect to student chapters of minority professional organizations (e.g., Society of Women Engineers, Society of Mexican American Engineers and Scientists) – look for natural connections

104. April 6, 2006 104 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Career goals Relation of PI’s Career goals to goals of department/organization Talk to your Department Head! Check planning documents for department and reference Reference Vision 2020 and how you will contribute to these goals http://www.tamu.edu/vision2020/ http://www.tamu.edu/vision2020/ http://www.tamu.edu/vision2020/

105. April 6, 2006 105 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Departmental Endorsement (load under Supplementary Docs) Letter from Dept Head Must be signed by Head with name, title, date printed below signature Proposed activities supported by and integrated into goals of department and department will support the development of the PI Mentoring, Facilities, Summer salary (can list components from your start-up package), etc. Description of: Relationship between project, PIs career goals and responsibilities and department goals Ways in which DH will ensure mentoring of PI Verification PI is eligible

106. April 6, 2006 106 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Other Documents (cont’d) Supplementary Documents PI self-certification of eligibility (on Fastlane) Letters of commitment from collaborators No reference letters allowed 2-page bio see Grant Proposal Guide for format and follow it (some directorates very picky!) Current and Pending Lists currently funded project (from any source, not just NSF) and any pending proposal for external funding See Grant Proposal Guide Facilities

107. April 6, 2006 107 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Budget and Budget Justification No support of other Senior Personnel (faculty, etc.) Be sure to fund your educational activities also Budget Justification Another way to sell your ideas Make sure it’s easy to follow and supports the stated work plan

108. April 6, 2006 108 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Resubmissions Read and address reviews from last submission Reviewers will have access to your last submission Call your program officer for input Best soon after receiving reviews But if you have questions about some reviews, call him/her now

109. April 6, 2006 109 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University ONR Young Investigator Program (Office of Naval Research) $100,000 per year for three years FY 05 proposal was due 12 January 2006. FY07 announcement usually posted in September http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/archive_to_dvd/indus trial/363/docs/baa_06_002.doc U.S. citizens, nationals, and permanent residents earned PhD within last 5 years Approx. 24 awards

110. April 6, 2006 110 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University ONR Young Investigator “The objectives of this program are to attract outstanding faculty members of Institutions of Higher Education (hereafter also called "universities") to the Department of the Navy's research program, to support their research, and to encourage their teaching and research careers.” “Proposals falling within the broad scope of naval research interests will be considered.”

111. April 6, 2006 111 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University ONR Areas of Research Interest http://www.onr.navy.mil/ Information, Electronics & Surveillance (Code 31) Electronics; Math, Computer and Information Sciences; Surveillance, Communications, and Electronic Combat Ocean, Atmosphere & Space (Code 32) Sensing and Systems; Processes and Prediction Engineering, Materials & Physical Science (Code 33) Physical Sciences; Materials; Mechanics and Energy Conversion; Ship Hull, Mechanical & Electrical Systems; Navy S&T Ship Office Human Systems (Code 34) Medical and Biological Division; Cognitive, Neural and Social Division Naval Expeditionary Warfare (Code 35) Strike Technology; Expeditionary Warfare Operations

112. April 6, 2006 112 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Army Research Lab Young Investigator Up to $50K per year for 3 years Eligibility U.S. citizens holding tenure-track positions at U.S. universities and colleges have held their graduate degrees (Ph.D. or equivalent) for fewer than five years at the time of application. Broad Agency Announcement at http://www.arl.army.mil/main/main/DownloadedInternetPages/CurrentPag es/DoingBusinesswithARL/research/arobaa06a.pdf http://www.arl.army.mil/main/main/DownloadedInternetPages/CurrentPag es/DoingBusinesswithARL/research/arobaa06a.pdf Research Areas “Proposals are invited for research in areas described in PART I, Research Areas 1-8 only of this BAA. Proposals may be submitted at any time. As is the case for the regular research programs, we strongly encourage informal discussions with the cognizant ARO technical program manager before submission of a formal proposal. “

113. April 6, 2006 113 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH K programs for New Faculty Series of very targeted programs See NIH “K Kiosk” web site at http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm Directed at retraining, professional development Check CRISP data base on NIH web site for info on funded projects http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen OPD K-programs Seminar April 21, 2006 from 9 am – noon See http://opd.tamu.edu/, “upcoming seminars”http://opd.tamu.edu/

114. April 6, 2006 114 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Other Programs NSF Research Initiation Grants and Career Advancement Awards to Broaden Participation in the Biological Sciences Due July 12, 2006 and Jan. 12, 2007 $150K over 2 years for underrepresented scientists http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2005/nsf05581/nsf05581.htm NASA New Investigator Program in Earth and Sun System Science http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&solId={8EF4 16B1-14FF-1C41-42CD-514C32F6A495}&stack=push http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&solId={8EF4 16B1-14FF-1C41-42CD-514C32F6A495}&stack=push Last due August 31, 2005 Carl Sagan Fellowship for Early Career Research Varying submission times depending on topic http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&solId={8C5A B22A-061D-3D19-00B8-B37C7FBB7529}&stack=push http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&solId={8C5A B22A-061D-3D19-00B8-B37C7FBB7529}&stack=push

115. April 6, 2006 115 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Other programs Foundations Check their annual reports for goals, culture Burroughs Wellcome Fund PhRMA Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Early Career Fellowship in Economic Studies Kellogg Forum Rising Stars, etc. Professional Organizations Check our website at http://opd.tamu.edu/funding- opportunities/funding-opportunities-by-category/junior-faculty- programs.htmlhttp://opd.tamu.edu/funding- opportunities/funding-opportunities-by-category/junior-faculty- programs.html Search on Google: “early career”, “young investigator”, junior faculty”

116. April 6, 2006 116 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Young Investigator Programs Do your homework Mission and culture of funding agency Talk to program director Find out what has been funded in the past Talk to successful prior winners if possible Follow the directions and read the solicitation carefully Clearly describe your goals, your work plan and the benefits of your work Don’t give up! Learn from reviews Talk to program officer about how you might address short comings Apply again as long as you are eligible!

117. April 6, 2006 117 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Scientific Method Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Four essential elements of the scientific method are iterations and recursions of the following four steps: Observation Hypothesis—theoretical, hypothetical explanation Prediction—logical deduction from hypothesis Experiment, Test Your proposal is one iteration of the steps above…

118. April 6, 2006 118 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University What is a Hypothesis? Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Hypothesis—is a proposed explanation of a phenomenon A provisional idea whose merit is to be evaluated… A provisional idea whose merit is to be evaluated… In the hypothetico-deductive method a hypothesis should be falsifiable, possible to be shown to be false by observation… In the hypothetico-deductive method a hypothesis should be falsifiable, possible to be shown to be false by observation… A hypothesis is not a question—a major misconception among many people… Several hypotheses should be proposed as explanations of a phenomenon…

119. April 6, 2006 119 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University What is a Hypothesis? Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Hypotheses require more work by the researcher in order to either confirm or disprove them… Note: if confirmed, a hypothesis is not necessarily proven but remains provisional... An example: A person enters a new country and observes only white sheep. A hypothesis might be that all sheep in that country are white… This is falsifiable by observing a single black sheep, provided that the observer did not mistake a goat for a sheep or correctly interpreted the hypothesis (exclude rams?)…

120. April 6, 2006 120 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University What is a Hypothesis? Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Hypotheses should provide generally a causal explanation or propose some correlation… Hypotheses are based a pattern in observations or suggested by preexisting data… There are no definitive guidelines for the production of new hypotheses… Some work, like testing rates, refining techniques or ages, and exploring new areas, is harder to frame as hypotheses… Here, many refer these to problems or questions to be answered… It is best, however, to put these types of research into hypotheses as well…

121. April 6, 2006 121 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Predictions… Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Useful hypotheses enable predictions to be made by deductive reasoning that can be assessed experimentally… If results contradictory to the predictions are found, that hypothesis under test is incorrect or incomplete— requires abandonment or revision… If results confirming a hypothesis are found, the hypothesis might be correct but is always subject to further test… Thus, the reason for multiple hypotheses to be tested is to leave you with alternatives…

122. April 6, 2006 122 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Experiment… Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Once the prediction is made, an experiment is designed to test it… The experiment may seek either confirmation or falsification of one or more hypotheses… In the geosciences, experiment equates also to well planned testing in the laboratory or field and data analysis… Integrity may be augmented by introduction of a control… Two identical experiments are run, in which only the factor being tested is varied… This serves to further isolate causal phenomena…

123. April 6, 2006 123 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Evaluation and iteration… Stephen T. Hasiotis, Robert H. Goldstein, & Roger L. Kaesler, University of Kansas Testing & improvements—based on outcomes there may be need for revisions of hypotheses, experiments, or methods; the scientific process is iterative… Verification—research or work will become accepted only if they can be verified… Reevaluation—all scientific knowledge is in a state of flux because new evidence can be produced that contradicts a long held hypothesis… Evidence and assumptions—evidence comes in different forms and quality, due mostly to underlying assumptions… Objects heavier than air fall to the ground when dropped… Aliens abduct humans… Most extraordinary claims also do not survive Occam’s razor…

124. April 6, 2006 124 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NSF Merit Review Process External review by “mail only”, “panel only”, or “mail- plus-panel” Site visits may be used “Panel only” is most common (50%)-CISE, EHR, ENG, and MPS 32% receive “Mail-plus-panel”-BIO, GEO, and SBE. Only 14% receive “mail only”-OPP Each proposal must receive at least 3 external reviews Program officers make funding recommendations to NSF senior management (division directors) http://www.nsf.gov/bfa/dias/policy/docs/meritrevtampa.pdf

125. April 6, 2006 125 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University What is the intellectual merit of the proposed activity? Potential Considerations: How important is the proposed activity to advancing knowledge and understanding within its own field or across different fields? How well qualified is the proposer (individual or team) to conduct the project? (If appropriate, the reviewer will comment on the quality of prior work.) To what extent does the proposed activity suggest and explore creative and original concepts? How well conceived and organized is the proposed activity? Is there sufficient access to resources?

126. April 6, 2006 126 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity? How well does the activity advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training and learning? How well does the activity broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, disability, geographic, etc.)? To what extent will it enhance the infrastructure for research and education, such as facilities, instrumentation, networks and partnerships?

127. April 6, 2006 127 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University

128. April 6, 2006 128 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University NIH Review Process What Happens to Your Grant Application, A Primer for New Applicants http://cms.csr.nih.gov/AboutCSR/OverviewofPeerReviewProcess.htm Center for Scientific Review http://cms.csr.nih.gov/

129. April 6, 2006 129 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University

130. April 6, 2006 130 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University

131. April 6, 2006 131 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Department of Education Review Process Program offices recruit expert readers to review and score a sub-set of proposals Grant team conducts internal review of scored proposals They may use a computer program to normalize scores The grant team generates a rank order list for funding consideration

132. April 6, 2006 132 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University USDA Review Process Two part process: compliance screen and review panel technical evaluation Experts from the system usually administer competitive review (NPLs and PMs) Panel members - diverse and expert Some panels use ad-hocs (mail review) Proposal review may vary depending on the specific program – contact your PM Return to you: reviews, panel summary, relative ranking

133. April 6, 2006 133 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Department of Defense Review Process Varies among entities within the department - ARL, ACE, AFRL, ONR, DARPA Varies among programs within a given entity - YIP vs. BAA Usually requires contact with an agency staff member or TPOC ARL - initial review by TPOC to determine merit, fit, and fund availability. Then peer review is conducted to evaluate merit and military relevance

134. April 6, 2006 134 Office of Proposal Development Texas A&M University Components of an Effective Summary “The summary should not be an abstract of the proposal, but rather a self-contained description of the activity that would result if the proposal were funded…. It should include a statement of objectives, methods to be employed, and the significance of the proposed activity…. Insofar as possible, it should be understandable to a scientifically or technically literate lay reader.” --The NSF