2. Punctuation: Apostrophes and Full Stops Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser This workshop will −Refresh your understanding of apostrophes and full stops −Provide tips for the appropriate use of apostrophes and full stops −Provide practice and follow-on activities for you to be able continue to improve your use of punctuation

3. 1.The jobs apostrophes do 2.Contractions 3.‘Its/it’s’ and ‘there/they’re/their’ 4.Where to place apostrophes with plural nouns 5.Apostrophes and numbers 6.Acronyms, initialisms and apostrophes 7.Full stops Today’s Plan

4. 1.The Apostrophe Substitution Possession

5. Clear slide for writing on 1.The Apostrophe

6. Shortened words using an apostrophe Don’tDo not Wasn’tWas not Can’tCannot It’s It is Not in academic work except… Quotations Acronyms and initialisms 2.Contractions

7. Its and it’s Use expansion: does it is make sense? 3.Its/it’s and there/they’re/their Their/there/they’re Space and time: there Expansion: they’re Elimination: their

8. Possession/substitution The cat’s collar is red The cats’ collars are red For plurals, no second ‘s’ after the apostrophe 4.Where to place apostrophes with plural nouns

9. Adding apostrophes Decades: the 1980s (there is not substitution and no possession) Any other number: in his 40s (there is no substitution and no possession) For plurals: Levi 501s (there is no substitution and no possession) 5.Apostrophes and numbers

10. Words/terms made up of capital letters: NATO and WWF Generally no full stops in between letters Apostrophes do not act as substitutes, full stops do Treat an acronym/initialism like a word 6.Acronyms, initialisms and apostrophes

11. Full stops and quotes Full stops outside quotation marks Question and exclamation marks inside quotation marks If citation, full stop outside bracket 7.Full stops

12. Full stops and abbreviations 7.Full stops Shortenings: full stop if created for writing Do not need another full stop at end of sentence if sentence finishes with an abbreviation with a full stop Contractions: letters from middle of word Initialisms: terms from initial letters Acronyms: words from initial letters

13. Question: who can you go to in the university for proof-reading, assignment checking or assisted editing? Proofreading Nobody

14. References Clip Art – basketball Elma, J. (2007) Apostrophes don’t swing both ways. I Love Typhography. [online] Available at: http://ilovetypography.com/2007/10/31/the-apostrophe-contrary-to-popular-belief-it-doesnt-swing-both-ways/ [Accessed 7.7.2014]Apostrophes don’t swing both ways Hanesi: B. (2013). In Turkish, the apostrophe (') and Punctuation Grammar Lecture. Turkey: Bilgi Hanesi [online] Available at:http://www.bilgihanesi.com/turkcede-kesme-isareti-ve-noktalama-isaretleri-dil-bilgisi- anlatim-p4721/ [Accessed 7.7.2014] Harrison, M., Jakeman, V. and Paterson, K. (2012) Improve your grammar. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Jujube (2012) Available at: http://jujube.se/2012/07/http://jujube.se/2012/07/ (Accessed 17.6.2014) King, J. and King, W. (2014) Macbeth Quotes in Modern English. London: No Sweat Shakespeare. [online] Available at: http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/quotes/macbeth/ (Accessed 17.6.2014)http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/quotes/macbeth/ North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. (2014) NATO Secretary General highlights partnerships during San Francisco visit. Brussels: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. [online] Available at: http://www.nato.int/ [Accessed 10.7.2014]http://www.nato.int/

15. References Oxford Dictionaries. (2014) Abbreviations. Oxford: OUP. [online] Available at: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/abbreviations [Accessed 9.7.2014] http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/abbreviations Sauter, J. (2008) The Apostrophe character rendered using the OCR-A font. Florida: Wikimedia Commons. [online] Available at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OCR-A_char_Apostrophe.svg [Accessed 7.7.2014]http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OCR-A_char_Apostrophe.svg Super Teacher Worksheets. (2013) There, Their, They’re. Tonawanda:Super Teacher Worksheets. Available at: http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/homophones/there-their-theyre.pdfhttp://www.superteacherworksheets.com/homophones/there-their-theyre.pdf (Accessed 16.6.2014) The University of Wisconsin-Madison. (2014) 10: Apostrophe errors. Madison: The University of Wisconsin- Madison. [online] Available at: https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/CommonErrors_Apos.htmlhttps://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/CommonErrors_Apos.html [Accessed 7.7.2014]

16. Academic Skills Advice Service Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23 What do we do? Support undergraduate students with their academic skills by running clinics and workshops, having bookable appointment slots, and enabling students to drop-in for Instant Action. Who are we? Michael and Helen specialise in Maths Support; Lucy and Russell advise students on study skills; and I (Louise) deliver the workshops When can you come for help? Everyday both face to face and on-line How do I get in touch? Email: academic- skills@brad.ac.uk or website www.brad.ac.uk/academic- skillsacademic- skills@brad.ac.uk

17. Any questions?