1. 1 WHAT IS A NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTION? THE PARIS PRINCIPLES Chris Sidoti ppt 1

2. UN Economic and Social Council – 1946 Member States were invited to consider the desirability of establishing local bodies in the form of information groups or local human rights committees.

3. 1946 - 1991 NHRIs were being discussed often in the international arena Yet, there were very few NHRIs by 1990 First UN international conference in late 1970s – but conference of States First institutions established in late 1970s and early 1980s

4. International standards 1991 First International Workshop on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Paris – workshop of then functioning NHRIs: produced the PARIS PRINCIPLES - drafted by NHRIs themselves, not by States 1992 Endorsed by UN Commission on Human Rights 1993 Adopted by the UN General Assembly

5. The Paris Principles National human rights institutions are official, independent institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights They should be established and function in accordance with the Paris Principles, international standards for NHRIs

6. They are required to be established by law (constitution or statute) They are required to have independent members with guarantees of tenure

7. Independence Legal Operational Policy Financial Membership

8. Legal independence Separate and independent legal status, either under Constitution or Act of Parliament Allows for independent decision making Able to perform its functions without interference from other government bodies

9. Operational independence Work without interference Determine their own priorities, programs and activities Draft own rules of procedures

10. Policy independence Reports, recommendations, decisions are not subject to direction of or review by others Determine their own views, findings and recommendations

11. Financial independence “The national institution shall have an infrastructure which is suited to the smooth conduct of its activities, in particular adequate funding. The purpose of this funding should be to enable it to have its own staff and premises in order to be independent of the government and not be subject to financial control which might affect its independence.”

12. Membership Appointed for fixed terms of sufficient length Subject to dismissal only for serious misconduct No government officials in voting positions

13. Is your NHRI independent? Consider these areas of independence:  Legal  Operational  Policy  Financial  Membership

14. NHRIs should also have broad mandate jurisdiction relating to universal human rights standards broad functions of research, education and investigation adequate powers adequate resources

15. Broad functions deal with individual complaints initiate their own investigations address systemic problems make recommendations to government refer investigations to independent prosecutors intervene in court proceedings undertake community education

16. Adequate powers to compel production of documents to enter and inspect premises to examine witnesses on oath to compel the attendance of a witness, even if in custody prosecutorial powers? determinative powers?