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Mrs. Schenfield 8th Grade Life Science
Skeletal System Mrs. Schenfield 8th Grade Life Science
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5 Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Movement: Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 2. Support: The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord. Muscle attached to bones!!
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5 Functions of the Skeletal System
3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury. 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.
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5 Functions of the Skeletal System
5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body
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Two Major Skeletal System Parts
Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum. Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
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Skeletal System Bones Four basic bone shapes
1. Long- arms, legs and fingers 2. Short- wrist and ankles 3. Flat- skull and sternum 4. Irregular- spine
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Bone Structure Hyaline cartilage - covers the ends of the bones, stops them rubbing together and absorbs shock. Epiphysis- the ‘head’ of the bone. Cancellous bone - spongy bone that stores the red bone marrow; where blood cells are made.
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Bone Structure Epiphyseal plate – the area where bones grow in length.
Diaphysis - the shaft. Compact bone – hard, dense bone. It gives strength to the hollow part of the bone.
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Bone Structure Periosteum – a protective layer where there is no hyaline cartilage. Ligaments and tendons attach to the periosteum. Medullary cavity/marrow cavity - contains the yellow bone marrow; where white blood cells are made.
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Bones of the Cranium Some are thicker than others!!!
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Cranium Bones Parietal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
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Maxilla and Mandible ? Maxilla Mandible
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Clavicle or Collarbone
The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger.
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Scapula The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.
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Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region (neck bones) 2) The thoracic region (what the ribs attach to) 3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back)
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Coccyx and Sacrum
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Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
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Radius and Ulna Radius on Top Ulna on Bottom
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Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
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Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
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Phalanges (Little Fingers)
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Rib Cage
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Sternum (Breastbone)
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Pelvis (Dancing Bone)
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Femur (Largest Bone in the Body)
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The Tibia and Fibula
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Tarsals
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Metatarsals
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Phalanges
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Calcaneous
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Skeletal System Review
My Videos\wholebodyskeleton.mov
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Joints of the Body Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone. Ex. Shoulder and Hip
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Joints of the Body Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door. Ex. Knee and Elbow
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Joints of the Body Pivot Joint: Bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement. Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles
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Joints of the Body Fixed Immovable: Joint does not move
Ex. Skull Gliding Joint: Bones slipping over other bones with a free flowing movement. Ex. Knuckles
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The Connectors of the Body
Ligaments: Connect bone to bone
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The Connectors of the Body!!
Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones
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The Connectors of the Body
Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.
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Problems of the Skeletal System
Fracture: Break Dislocation: Out of joint
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Types of Fractures Complete fracture-break involving the entire width of the bone Incomplete fracture-only a crack in the bone
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Types of Fractures Comminuted fracture-bone is broken into several pieces Open fracture-broken bones is open through the skin
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Problems of the Skeletal System
Sprain: Swelling in the joint Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints
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Problems of the Skeletal System!!
Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine Osteoporosis: Brittle bones
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