1. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Alice Workshop Working with Sound

2. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Sound  The use of sound in an Alice project creates a far more interesting and dynamic presentation  Demo: Penguin Sound

3. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Vista & Windows 7 Windows Vista OS introduced significant technical changes to audio compared to previous versions of Windows. These changes carry over to Windows 7. On Vista systems it's especially important to have dedicated drivers for your computer's sound device which are both specific to your computer hardware and specifically meant for Vista. – Use Windows Device Manager to update your driver. Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

4. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Copyright Issues Audio files are frequently copyrighted Anyone making decisions about using multimedia in a class project should first consult the usage policy of their school or institution. Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

5. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater US Copyright Act The US Copyright Act contains relevant but complex sections that can inform teachers and students about using media in the classroom. Cornell’s Legal Information Institute hosts information onCornell’s Legal Information Institute – 17 U.S.C. § 106: Exclusive rights in copyrighted works – 17 U.S.C. § 107: Fair Use – 17 U.S.C. § 110: Limitations on Exclusive Rights Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

6. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Fair Use Guidelines Purdue's OWL site: Purdue's OWL site Section 107 [US Copyright law] specifically distinguishes between commercial and educational use. Therefore, teachers and students are more protected when using copyrighted works for classroom assignments, lessons, or projects. – Purposes that are specifically mentioned in Section 107 include “criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research.” Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

7. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Guidelines (continued) Fair use is more likely to apply when the use is available for a limited time to a small group of people. – Therefore, showing part of a movie in the classroom is more likely to be protected than posting the same clip to the internet. – Make the new use available for the shortest amount of time to the smallest group possible. – Prevent others from duplicating the work for further use. Keep copyrighted works off the internet, or place them behind password protection to avoid outside access. Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

8. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Legal purchase When using a copyrighted work, get the original version legally. Buy the DVD, CD, or photo instead of pirating it off the internet. Use a legally purchased film clip or song rather than one downloaded off YouTube or Limewire. Save your receipt, if possible. Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

9. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Partial use Reproducing only a small part of a copyrighted work is more acceptable than using an entire work. Try to use no more than 10% or 30 seconds, whichever is less. We suggest editing sound clips to be within this partial use guideline, particularly for Alice worlds that might be posted to the internet is some way. Copyright 2010 Wanda Dann, Don Slater, Steve Cooper

10. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Questions  Questions students ask:  Can more than 1 clip (from different sound files) be used? Yes  Can a 30 second clip be played again and again? Yes  How to get a 30 second sound clip?

11. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Sound Editor  Alice is not and does not have a sound editor  A sound editor is useful for  managing sound file size  changing a sound file to an Alice compatible format

12. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Download Sound Editor  Many sound editors are available online  Obtain sound editor software  Example: Audacity Freeware from audacity.sourceforge.net/download/ audacity.sourceforge.net/download/

13. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Sound File Size  Sound files are notoriously large  Can be 20+ MB  Takes time to load and play slows down or interrupts the animation interferes with exporting a video

14. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Digital Sound Digital wave form Each dot in the figure above represents one audio sample.

15. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Sample Rate  Sample rate is the rate at which samples are recorded, measured in Hertz (Hz). Think of sample rate as the horizontal precision of the recorded sound. The higher the sample rate, the better the quality of the sound.

16. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Audacity Sample Rate  Sample rate can be adjusted For Alice, we often use a sample rate of 22500 Hz

17. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater File Formats  Uncompressed  Each number in the file corresponds to one sample  Audacity supports WAV, AIFF, and others  Compressed  Audacity supports MP3 and Ogg Vorbis  Not WMA and MPEG4 (AAU)  Alice supports WAV and MP3

18. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Learning Audacity  Text Based Tutorials  Audacity Help Menu Quick Start Manual  Both web based  YouTube  A wide variety of tutorials Many topics Mixed quality  Search for “Audacity”

19. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Launch Audacity Original Song Clip from Song

20. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Penguin Sound  Has a 3+ minute sound track  Modify to use a 30 second clip repeatedly

21. Copyright 2008 Wanda Dann, Steve Cooper, Don Slater Skate Routine  SkateRoutine  Grab a short (< 30 sec.) clip from a song  Import it into an existing world  Add it to the skating routine