1. Becoming a World Power American Imperialism (1877-1917)
Cartoon:
American Imperialism ( )

2. Questioning the Causes
Why would the United States choose to enter the competition for foreign lands and markets?
George Washington’s Warning
“entangling alliances”
Early Departures:
Monroe Doctrine
Perry in Japan (1853)
Causes of US Imperialism:
Economic
Industrialization, Competition, Need for Markets
Desire for world power?
Cartoon:

3. Essential Question
To what extent was the late nineteenth-century and early twentieth century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a departure?
Cartoon 1:
Cartoon 2 (Synthesis?):

4. Imperialism: Pros & Cons
For Imperialism
Anti-Imperialism
Economic Growth
Markets
Investments (banana republics)
Promote Security
Expand Navy - Naval Advisory Board 1881
Preserve American Spirit
Henry Cabot Lodge, Theodore Roosevelt
Social Darwinism
Economic Expansion  Regional Tension  War
Building Navy = European Model  War
US should not be potential leaders of oppressed foreign peoples
Parallel to treatment of American Indians
Manifestations
William Jennings Bryan
Anti-Imperialist League (1898)
Before revealing lists engage class in T/P/S (Think-Pair-Share) to brainstorm arguments on each side.

5. William H. Seward Secretary of State (1861-1869)
Annexations and Purchases
Nicaragua
Midway (1867)
“Seward’s Folly” (1867)
$7.2 million
Lasting Influence
Kept England & France out of Civil War
Invoked Monroe Doctrine against Napoleon III in Mexico
Inspired trade treaty w/Hawaii (1875)

6. The “New” Imperialism International Darwinism Imperialism Missionaries
“White Man’s Burden”
Missionaries
Josiah Strong
Politicians
Henry Cabot Lodge
Naval Power
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (Alfred T. Mahan, 1890)
Impact of Asst. Sec. of Navy (Roosevelt)
Popular Press
Sensationalist journalism

7. Latin America Chile Brazil Venezuela Cuba
Blaine and the Pan-American Conference (1889)
Hemispheric cooperation
Tariff/trade policies
Cleveland, Olney, and the Monroe Doctrine
Chile
Valparaiso
Brazil
Troops end rebellion
Venezuela (1895)
Dispute w/British Guiana
Olney Declaration
Led to US-British alliance
Spain in Cuba
From Prior Pageant PPT:
1891 Chilean mob kills US soldier on shore of Valparaiso. Government demands payment for families of the deceased. In Brazil 1893 a rebellion threatened the republican gov’t. Cleveland sends in troops to protect US shipping interests, rebellion ends. Great Britain had a long-standing border dispute with Venezuela over British Guiana, it intensified when mineral deposits were discovered in the region. Secretary of State Richard Olney (under Cleveland) intervened and told Britain they must solve through arbitration. Eventually, GB backed down. In Cuba, a rebellion threatened the Spanish government. Spain sent their best general: Valeriano Weyler, to put down the rebellion. He instituted a concentration camp policy that placed over 200,000 men, women, and children under the control of the Spanish army.
Chile
Valparaiso attack on American soldiers
Killed 2, injured 17 (Chile to pay $75,000)
Brazil
Cleveland stops rebellion
Venezuela
1895 Olney declaration - Britain should recognize Monroe Doctrine - arbitration (settle manner by panel)
Cuba
Spain sends 150,000 troops to stop rebellion
“reconcentration” - Cubans thrown in guarded camps
Disease and starvation kill 200,000
Cleveland and McKinley refuse to intervene
Cuban guerrillas began destroying US sugar plantations

8. The Spanish-American War
Causes of War
Jingoism
Desire to become world power
Cuban Revolt
“The Butcher” Weyler
Yellow Journalism
Pulitzer vs. Hearst
Evangelina Cisneros
The DeLôme Letter
The USS Maine

9. McKinley’s Messages Attempts at Peace/Ultimatum to Spain:
compensation for Maine
end reconcentration camps.
truce in Cuba
independent Cuba
Spain accepts all except last stipulation
McKinley Goes to Congress
“Put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation, and horrible miseries: in Cuba
Protect the lives and property of U.S. citizens living in Cuba
End “the very serious injury to the commerce, trade, and business of our people”
End “the constant menace to our peace” arising from disorder in Cuba
Response: The Teller Amendment
Self-determination for Cuba
– Interpretation: “Keep the island so it won’t get lost”

10. A “Splendid Little War”
The Philippines (May 1-August 13, 1898)
Long to Dewey to Gridley
“fire when you are ready”
Spanish fleet destroyed
Manila captured
Invasion of Cuba
The Rough Riders on San Juan Hill
Remainder of Spanish fleet Santiago Bay (July 3)

11. Results of the War Treaty of Paris, 1898 The Philippine Question
Recognition of Cuban independence
U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
U.S. acquisition of the Philippines for $20 million
The Philippine Question
Aguinaldo and the Independence Movement
War w/U.S. ( )
Over 200,000 Filipinos killed
Independence not granted until 1946 (!)

12. Impact of the War Insular Cases (1901-1904) Cuba Annexation of Hawaii
Question before the Court:
“Does the Constitution follow the flag?”
Cuba
Platt Amendment
No foreign agreements
Allow for US intervention
Allow US naval bases (Guantanamo)
Annexation of Hawaii
Sanford P. Dole & Liliuokalani (1893)
Cleveland against annexation
McKinley & Congress annex (1898)
Puerto Rico
Foraker Act (1900)
Election of 1900
McKinley vs. Bryan
Recognition of U.S. Power
Ensuing debate over role
Foraker: removed military

13. Open Door Policy in China
History of Europeans in China:
Opium Wars
Spheres of Influence
John Hay’s “Open Door” (1899)
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Cause: increased xenophobia and desire to remove outsiders
Impact: further weakening of imperial regime
Open Door Notes (1900)
Preserve China’s territorial integrity
Safeguard “equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire.”

14. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
McKinley’s Assassination (1901)
TR becomes youngest President in history
The Panama Canal
Revolution
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
Building the Canal
Establishment of Canal Zone
The Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
Result of British involvement in Venezuela
The “Great White Fleet”
Expansion of Navy & World Tour

15. Image Analysis -- CCOT
What impact did the Roosevelt Corollary have on the Monroe Doctrine and the United States’ role in world affairs?
The cartoon title is “The World’s Constable,” what is meant by this?
Explain ways in which the message of this cartoon is still true today.

16. Imperialism & Peace in East Asia
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
Manchurian negotiations
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” (1908)
Restrict Japanese immigration
Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)
Mutual respect and support for Open Door policy

17. William H. Taft’s Foreign Policy
Dollar Diplomacy
Investments would lead to greater stability
Railroads in China (1911)
Issues w/Manchuria
Nicaragua
Marines sent to quell civil war (1912)
The Lodge Corollary (1912)
Added non-European nations (Asia) to Monroe Doctrine
Taft opposed

18. Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Affairs
Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
Spread democracy
Sec. of State: WJB
The Philippines
Jones Act (1916)
Full territorial status
Bill of rights & universal male suffrage
Independence w/arrival of stable gov’t
Puerto Rico
Jones-Shafroth Act (1917)
Panama Canal
Repealed US toll exemption
Conciliation Treaties
Intervention
Mexico
Tampico Incident (1914)
Huerta vs. Carranza & Villa
U.S. Expeditionary Force (Pershing)
J-S: Citizenship for PR
Cartoon:

19. Image Analysis: Synthesis & CCOT
Remind students of essential question and analyze ways in which to answer the prompt using only this image. Brainstorm possible evidence.
Source: – Use this link to get the full-size image, it’s worth it to look at the blackboard and school books.
Description: