1. Japanese Commitment to the LHC experiments Katsuo Tokushuku (KEK) May 17, 2008 The KEK-CNRS/IN2P3-CEA/DSM/DAPNIA Collaboration Meeting at CRNS

2. TOTEM Circumference : 27km 1232 superconducting dipoles with magnetic field B=8.3 T Two General purpose Detectors: ATLAS and CMS pp collider √s=14TeV Design L=10 34 cm -2 s -1 (100fb -1 /year) 10 33 for the early stage LHC (Large Hadron Collider) 17/May/20082 LHCf ALICE

3. LHC Physics 17/May/20083 The aim of LHC experiments: 2 major questions : Whether the standard model is correct? <- Higgs mechanism Why the standard model works so well? <- structure of BSM Mass reach: With L=10 33 ~1300 GeV in “one week” ~1800 GeV in “one month” Higgs SUSY Or, Extra-D, Technicolor, Little Higgs,,,

4. 17/May/20084 1984.3ECFA-CERN Lausanne Workshop on LHC 1988(?)Recommendation by “Rubbia” Committee for future plan of CERN 1989Construction of SSC started. 1990.10ECFA LHC Workshop at Aachen 1992.10Letter of Intents by ATLAS and CMS 1993.10Termination of SSC Project 1994.12Technical Proposals by ATLAS and CMS 1994.12CERN Council approved LHC in 2 steps. 1995.5Monbusho announced 1st contribution of 5 BYen (65 MCHF). 1996 India ($12.5M), Russia (67MCHF incl. detectors), Canada (v$ 30M) 1996.12Monbusho announced 2nd contribution of 3.85 BYen (44 MCHF). 1996.12CERN Council approved LHC in 1-step to complete LHC in 2005. ATLAS and CMS proposals were approved. 1997.12USA announced contribution of $200M (accelerator) + $331M(detectors). 1998.5Monbusho announced 3 rd contribution of 5 BYen (56 MCHF). 2000.11LEP termination. 2002.6Budget crisis -> LHC completion changed to year 2007. 2007.10Council approved LHC startup scenario in summer 2008. History of LHC Project Large Japanese contribution!

5. 17/May/20085 June 23, 1995 : Minister of Monbusho, Kaoru Yosano, announced a contribution of 50 Oku-yen to help finance the construction of the LHC at the CERN Council meeting. Japan was elected a CERN Observer State. The 1st major step of the globalization of the LHC Project. CERN Director General Chris Lewellyn Smith 達磨（片目！） Delegation of Japan at CERN Council Dhama doll Minister Kaoru Yosano

6. 17/May/20086 Near the interaction points, triplet quadrupole magnets focus the beam. Two types of superconducting magnets are separately developed and manufactured at KEK and Fermilab. Both magnets were assembled with common cryostat at Fermilab and then shipped to CERN. Fermilab KEK Collision point Inner Triplet Quadrupoles Full current achieved on 24/April/2008

7. Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, Bogota, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis, Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Chile, Clermont- Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, DESY, Dortmund, TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, Göttingen, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU, Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine/ICTP, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, FH Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan ATLAS Collaboration (Status October 2007) 37 Countries 167 Institutions 2912 Scientific Authors total (<- number based on the first ATLAS paper in Dec 2007) ATLAS-Japan 15 Institutes 92 Scientific authors

8. 17/May/20088 ATLAS Detector: construction and commissioning Length : ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons ~ 10 8 electronic channels ~ 3000 km of cables Tracking (|  |<2.5, B(solenoid)=2T) : -- Si pixels and strips -- Transition Radiation Detector (e/  separation) Calorimetry (|  |<5) : -- EM : Pb-LAr -- HAD: Fe/scintillator (central), Cu/W-LAr (fwd) Muon Spectrometer (|  |<2.7) : air-core toroids with muon chambers Superconducting Central Solenoid (Japanese contribution:100%) Time-to-digital conversion chips for muon drift tubes (100%) End-cap muon triggering system (TGC) (~50%) Silicon microstrip tracking system (SCT) (~20%)

9. 17/May/2008 First working ATLAS component Arrived at CERN （ 2001.9 ） ATLAS Central Solenoid : 100% responsibility by KEK A happy marriage with liquid Argon Calorimeter ! （ 2004.2 ） Full current test in situ （ 2006.8 ） 7730 A 2.00 T 7980 A 9

10. 17/May/2008 10 TGC: Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) for  triggering 3600 TGC chambers 320,000 channels Total area ~2,000 m 2 Joint Construction by Israel, Japan China High energy muons penetrate calorimeters and be bent by magnetic field of toroid. TGC system measures the bend angle for Level-1 triggering. Japanese group is also working on the LVL2 muon trigger, now. Muon offline : French group

11. 11 Thin Gap Chambers (TGC) for muon endcap triggering Japan made 1200 TGC chambers out of 3600. Almost all electronics are design and constructed by Japan. Big wheel in the pit KEK and Kobe 72 sectors assembled at CERN B180 transportation 17/May/2008

12. 12 All Big-wheels were installed in ATLAS pit (2007.9) Mass production of trigger electronics (KEK). ASICs and modules were designed by ATLAS-Japan

13. 13 ATLAS Silicon Micro-strip Detector (SCT) 4 sensors/module KEK assembled 980 modules (40%) Module mounting at Oxford U. using robots made by KEK Excellent noise distribution obtained during SR1 cosmic-ray test Cosmic-ray tracks at SR1 (May 2006) Hamamatsu Japan Mektron Seiko Precision 17/May/2008

14. 14 WLCG Resource Pledged in 2007: CPU: 1000kSI2k Disk: 200TB LCG Tier2 Center for ATLAS is operational since 2005 at International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), the University of Tokyo Contribution for Computing TOKYO-LCG2

15. SINET(New York - Tokyo) GEANT(Lyon – New York) CERN Tier0 IN2P3-CC Tier 1 ICEPP, Univ. Tokyo Data Flow at ATLAS M6 ATLAS Detector 17/May/200815

16. File Transfer from Lyon to Tokyo at M6 10 minutes average of FTS 130MB/s! 17/May/200816

17. 17/May/200817 Physics preparation Growing contributions in ATLAS physics groups Shoji Asai (Tokyo) : SUSY convenor (2005-2006) Osamu Jinnouchi (KEK) : Monte Carlo Coordinator (2007-) Soshi Tsuno (KEK) : Higgs VBF group coordinator Higher weights on Higgs and SUSY physics. But start contributing to the other physics, such as B-physics and proton structure. Dr. Junji Tojo (KEK) is collaborating with LAPP group (led by Isabelle Wingerter-Seez) on ATLAS e/gamma performance and H  γγ under the CNRS/IN2P3 programme. (Now Taka Kondo is at LAPP!)

18. SLHC: High luminosity Challenge 17/May/200818 10 33 10 35 10 32 cm -2 s -1 10 34 CMS Peak luminosity: 10-15 10 34 cm -2 s -1 : 400 inelastic collisions in a bunch (in 50ns bunch spacing mode) : we need new tracking system. (100~200MCHF project)

19. 19 R&Ds for LHC Upgrade (1) Development of the Nb 3 Sn conductor for higher field quadrupole magnets for IR (by A. Yamamoto, K. Tsuchiya in collab. with US, CERN). (2) Collaboration on Crab cavitities (by K. Oide) (3) New Rad-hard silicon microstrip sensor for ATLAS inner tracker (by Y. Unno ………). (4) New muon chamber readout TDC chips (by Y. Arai) and TGC readout (by O. Sasaki). 17/May/2008

20. 20 R&D for SLHC (SCT) LHC(2x10 14 ) → SLHC(1x10 15 ) 4" FZ → 6" FZ (or MCZ) Irradiations have found very different V dep evolution 4" FZ 6" FZ Proton irradiations in Japan at CYRIC, Tohoku U. SLHC module mock-up: module (centre), cooling plates (2 sides)

21. Strong participation in heavy-ion physics at RHIC since its LOI. 5-year Grant-in-Aid of ~3MCHF approved by MEXT for ALICE in 2006; PI=T. Sugitate (Hiroshima) Present ALICE-Japan activities: Hiroshima University PHOS construction and photon measurements with PHOS ALICE-Tier2 center University of Tokyo, CNS lepton measurements with TRD University of Tsukuba hadron and lepton measurements in connection with a MEXT special program. Another Japanese Commitment to LHC The ALICE Experiment 30 countries, 97 institutions, ~1,015 members as of Jan.2007 PHOS TRD ALICE Tier-2 at Hiroshima; possible link to French GRID “JP-HIROSHIMA-WLCG” with EGEE /gLite3.0 /ALICE-VOBOX in preparation Network B/W: MPLS 1Gbps on SINET3 in Japan Regional support given: ASGC in Taiwan Responsible person: Prof. Toru Sugitate, Hiroshima sugitate@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 17/May/200821

22. 22 Other items with CERN (1) Sending KEK experts for LHC accelerator commissioning (K. Oide….). (2) CERN-Japan Fellows: 2 fellows in ATLAS, 1 in Accerelator, 1 in Theory (a new fellow under the selection process) (3) Participation of young Japanese students in the CERN Summer School since 2003. 5 students in this summer 17/May/2008

23. 23 Summary The Japanese group has been taking major roles in the ATLAS detector construction, for the components complementary to the French particiation (Solenoid, TGC, SCT, MDT front- end) Physics contributions are growing. R&D studies for LHC upgrade have already started. It is time to make a detailed plan.