1. Commercial-In-Confidence TECHNOLOGIES INC. The Engineering Context Advanced Maritime Anti-Missile Radar Technology Geoff Patch Software Engineering Manager - CEA Technologies

2. Commercial-In-Confidence Or rather, My Engineering Context, and how it compares to others.

3. Commercial-In-Confidence

8. The CEA Solution - Software Defined Active Electronically Scanned Phased Array Radar

9. Commercial-In-Confidence

11. Software Defined - 44 PowerPC based embedded Controllers 500,000+ lines of C++ 400+ person years of effort expended over multiple technology generations since 1996 Over 2000 large Altera Field Programmable Gate Arrays We can’t afford to stand still. The next generation of this technology is under development today.

12. Commercial-In-Confidence How Does it Work?

13. Commercial-In-Confidence

15. 6 Radars Operating Simultaneously!

16. Commercial-In-Confidence System Configuration Communications Built-in Test, Status Aggregation and Reporting Scanning Control Advanced Doppler Signal Processing Target Detection, Tracking and Illumination Post Fire Evaluation Data Logging and Retrieval

17. Commercial-In-Confidence Numerous Awards 2011 Engineers Australia Engineering Excellence Award 2011 ADM Essington-Lewis Trophy for large defence project management…and again in 2014! Head of DMO reported to the Senate on 19-Oct-11 “…this is a world beating system developed here in Australia. This is the best military system we have designed and built in Australia since a system we called Ikara, which was in the 1960s and 1970s.”

18. Commercial-In-Confidence The High Reliability, High Performance, Realtime, Deeply Embedded Radar Signal Processing Software Context.

19. Commercial-In-Confidence This is a highly specialised technical discipline It has much in common with general desktop software development It has also many domain specific tools, techniques and skills that you won’t find in any other area of software development

20. Commercial-In-Confidence Specific Operating System Support Green Hills MULTI + INTEGRITY High performance, lightweight Real Time Operating System (RTOS) for embedded applications Specifically targeted at High Reliability systems such as Avionics, Engine Management Systems, Weapon Control etc

21. Commercial-In-Confidence Real Time Requirements The system must meet temporal criteria as well as being computationally correct. A correct numerical result delivered late is deemed to be a system failure Half a Terabyte per second must be moved from the antenna to the operator console and transformed into human readable format

22. Commercial-In-Confidence Real World Sensor And Actuator Interfaces Ships motion (speed, pitch and roll) must be compensated for in real time. Radar data must be transmitted to the Combat System consoles for operator decision and action High performance (Mach 3+) defensive missiles must be guided to intercept inbound high performance threat missiles in mid air

23. Commercial-In-Confidence Resource Constrained Space and weight is constrained by the target platform (warship, aircraft, engine bay etc) This limits system computational capacity, due to limited space to fit in all the required chips – processor, RAM, Flash, comms etc. Heat dissipation is problematic – no big processor chips because no big heat sinks and fans to cool them

24. Commercial-In-Confidence Single Purpose We just process radar signals and guide missiles We don’t have to deal with Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, email, spreadsheets, games, a few viruses and the operator’s football club membership database all simultaneously competing for resources.

25. Commercial-In-Confidence Long Lifecycle Games are in the remainders bin 2 years after going into service Our systems are designed and built for 20+ year operational lifespans. Comprehensive documentation is absolutely critical so that people who are in nappies now will be able to maintain our systems when we are gone.

26. Commercial-In-Confidence Design Correctness and Reliability If your phone crashes, it’s inconvenient If our radar crashes or fails to operate as required, hundreds of people may die horribly. If your heart pacemaker fails…you will die. Design correctness, code quality and extreme reliability are overwhelming drivers in the development of our software

27. Commercial-In-Confidence Safety The bottom line is that our systems are designed to blow things up and kill people It’s critical that we don’t kill the wrong people Our radars emit large amounts of RF energy that are capable of cooking people alive Human safety must be considered in all areas of our design Google for the Therac-25 to see what happens when things go wrong.

28. Commercial-In-Confidence Standards and Certification We are required to comply with numerous standards in the mechanical, electronic and software domains. This requires training, constrains our development and increases cost

29. Commercial-In-Confidence Cost Embedded systems are hugely expensive to build and maintain!!! We need highly trained staff with esoteric skills. Our development tools are specialised and very expensive…$30K+ for a single development licence Expensive support tools such as oscilloscopes, protocol analysers, RF spectrum analysers etc

30. Commercial-In-Confidence Product Volumes For large product volumes, shaving a few cents off a component cost will be worthwhile This drives the decision to use the least capable processor environment possible And this dramatically affects how you write your software

31. Commercial-In-Confidence Specialised Knowledge Embedded system development typically requires esoteric skills. Fourier Analysis, Kalman Filtering, FIR and IIR filtering, RF propagation and Radar waveform generation are some of our bread and butter skills that you won’t find in many other places These skills are very expensive to develop and sustain

32. Commercial-In-Confidence The Moral of the Story… The way we work at CEA would not be suitable for a web based online retail company, and vice- versa You must adapt your tools, techniques and processes to provide the best outcomes for your specific operational environment, otherwise you’re running the race with a rock in your shoe.