1. EBLIDA and copyright Challenges on libraries Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen ©Harald Müller, mpilGoethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

2. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 From Brussels with love

3. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

4. The mission of the Expert Group on Information Law (EGIL) is to: Maintain a good awareness of legal issues that affect the provision and circulation of information, especially where libraries and archives are concerned Address the European institutions by making suggestions regarding laws, or changes to laws that would improve the legal position of libraries and archives Cooperate and work with other organizations and institutions for these purposes. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

6. Copyright activities in Europe Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 1. Green paper on copyright in the knowledge economy 2. Manuel Medina Ortega Report on copyright 3. Proposals to extend the term of copyright protection for sound recordings 4. Google Book US Settlement Agreement information hearing, Brussels 5. Orphan works 6. Copyright infringement 7. ACTA

7. Copyright challenges in Europe Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 1. Green paper on copyright in the knowledge economy 2. Manuel Medina Ortega Report on copyright 3. Proposals to extend the term of copyright protection for sound recordings 4. Google Book US Settlement Agreement information hearing, Brussels 5. Orphan works 6. Copyright infringement 7. ACTA

8. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Evaluation of Directive 2001/29/EC of 22 May 2001 on copyright in the information society

9. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

10. 25 questions Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Libraries are sometimes directly mentioned Sometimes questions are putative innocent, only for experts understandable Choice & formulation of questions defines a topic Responsible: Not EU Commission, but DG internal market and services, unit D1 = Tilman Lüder

11. Samples: Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 ( 1) Should there be encouragement or guidelines for contractual arrangements between right holders and users for the implementation of copyright exceptions? (4) Should certain categories of exceptions be made mandatory to ensure more legal certainty and better protection of beneficiaries of exceptions? (6) Should the exception for libraries and archives remain unchanged because publishers themselves will develop online access to their catalogues ? (9) Should the law be clarified with respect to whether the scanning of works held in libraries for the purpose of making their content searchable on the Internet goes beyond the scope of current exceptions to copyright? (10) Is a further Community statutory instrument required to deal with the problem of orphan works, which goes beyond the Commission Recommendation 2006/585/EC of 24 August 2006?

12. More samples: Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 (19) Should the scientific and research community enter into licensing schemes with publishers in order to increase access to works for teaching or research purposes? Are there examples of successful licensing schemes enabling online use of works for teaching or research purposes? (20) Should the teaching and research exception be clarified so as to accommodate modern forms of distance learning? (21) Should there be a clarification that the teaching and research exception covers not only material used in class-rooms or educational facilities, but also use of works at home for study? (22) Should there be mandatory minimum rules as to the length of the excerpts from works which can be reproduced or made available for teaching and research purposes?

13. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Green paper several preliminary versions media industry influence on questions which EU clerk wrote the text? contacting the person by EBLIDA-EGIL insider information most helpfull for answering the questions fine tuning with national library organisations answer: www.eblida.org/uploads/eblida/10/1228208920.pdf

14. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

15. Major defects of Directive 2001/29/EC absolute monopoly power of the right holder list of exceptions is exhaustive only one of 21 exceptions is obligatory exceptions are not all implemented in Member States, and if implemented they are implemented differently = no copyright harmonization in Europe

16. Ortega report Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Manuel Medina Ortega (EP Socialist Group) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/term6/view.do?language=EN&id=1337 Member European Parliament 31.01.2007 / 13.07.2009 : Committee on Legal Affairs rapporteur for copyright meeting 8./9. Sept. 2008

17. Mr. Ortega and copyright Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 16. Oct. 2008: meeting EBLIDA with Mr. Ortega 14. Jan. 2009: Ortega report published Draft report on the Commission report on the application of Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (2008/2121(INI)) Directive 2001/29/EC is satisfying ignores orphan works objects limitations

18. EBLIDA letter to all EP members 28. Jan. 2009 Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 We ask you to reject the submission.

19. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Reports fate Committee on Legal Affairs approves 16.02.09 EBLIDA contact with other lobbying groups alternative version Ortega report 23. Feb. 2009: Ortega report had been withdrawn from European Parliament agenda Big success of lobbying activties

20. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Term extension

21. Term of protection: from 50 to 95 years Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 sound recordings in favour of musicians (studio, concert) supply of twilight years (age of retirement) initiative of music industry BUT: EU study Recasting of Copyright and Related Rights for the Knowledge Economy came 2006 to contrary results also: Gowers Report UK 2006

22. EBLIDA-EGIL letters July 2008 Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 EU commissioners: Ján Figel (Education, Training, Culture & Youth) Neelie Kroes (Competition) Meglena Kuneva (Consumer Protection) Charlie McCreevy (Internal Market and Services) Janez Potocnik (Science and Research) Viviane Reding (InfoSoc)

23. Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

24. Arguments against term extension: Sound recordings in libraries & archives Cultural heritage, oral history Public domain Orphan works >>>> Intensive lobbying activities Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

26. 27. May 2009: Nordic countries block term extension

27. Google Books Library Project Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

28. Libraries Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Columbia University Cornell University Library Harvard University Princeton University Stanford University University of California University of Michigan New York Public Library Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent Keio University Library Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon Biblioteca de Catalunya Oxford University Library Universitas Complutense Madrid Bibliothèque Universitaire - Lausanne All books Out of copyright books

29. Google Book Settlement Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

31. YES to Google Book Project Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 IFLA EBLIDA LIBER National lib.ass. Objections digital divide monopoly of Google long term preservation data protection contracts vs. Statutory exceptions and limitations

32. Orphan works legal options Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 1. No action The assumption is that there are not orphan works. If you continue searching, you will eventually find the right holders. 2. Statutory exception After a diligent search, if the right holders are not found, it could be possible to use the orphan work, without being exposed to liability. Two cases are possible: 2.1 without compensation. Remuneration is done only if the right holder appears. 2.2 compensation to a collecting society. 3. Extensive collective licenses (Nordic model) Based on the legal authorisation that the collecting societies have the rights to represent all the right owners. One of the problems is that, if collecting societies, they get paid any way, they do not have a real interest to search for the right owner. 4. Canadian model: After a diligent search, the government gives a licence.

33. Orphan works EBLIDAs suggestion Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 For addition to Article 5 (3) of the copyright Directive, draft for discussion offered to indicate the kind of exception that libraries are looking for: Member States may provide for exceptions or limitations to the rights provided for in Articles 2 and 3 in the following cases: (p) uses by publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments, museums or archives of a work whose author cannot be identified or located after reasonable investigation conducted for the purpose by the institution concerned; provided that the authors moral rights are as far as possible respected and that the use shall cease on the request of a legitimate rightholder should he subsequently become known. after reasonable investigation

34. Copyright infringement Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010

35. Copyright infringement Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 illegal downloads (music, films etc.) plagiarism illegal publication / making available legal term: 3rd party infringement

36. ACTA ??? Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement is a proposed plurilateral trade agreement for establishing international standards on intellectual property rights enforcement throughout the participating countriesplurilateraltrade agreementintellectual property rights quite secret negotiations EU Parliament demands restrictions Publication and transparency of the actual draft

37. Conclusion Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Copyright is a permanent challenge for libraries. Lobbying is: Important Successful EBLIDA-EGIL will return

38. Thank you very much for your attention!!! Klaus-Peter Böttger, Stadtbibliothek Essen Goethe-Institut Istanbul 31.03.2010 Klaus-Peter.Boettger@stadtbibliothek.essen.de www.eblida.orgwww.eblida.org; www.eblida.org/index.php?page=egil. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/copyrightforlibrarians/ http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/copyrightforlibrarians/