1. 新职业英语
职业综合英语 1
ENGLISH FOR CAREERS
Unit 5
Trade
Unit 5

2. Listening & Speaking 4 Warming-up 1 Reading A 2 Reading B 3
Contents
Listening & Speaking 4
Warming-up 1
Reading A 2
Reading B 3
Language Lab 7
Writing 5
Mini-project 6
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3. Warming-up
Warm-1
Task 1 Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner and match slogans A-H with pictures 1-8.
( ) A. Shift the future ( ) B. Think Different.
( ) C. Just do it ( ) D. Ideas for life！
( ) E. Good to the last drop! ( ) F. Let’s make things better.
( ) G. Enjoy myself on my zone. ( ) H. Fresh-up with Seven-up！ 2 7 1 4 5 8 3 6
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4. Task 2 Work in pairs. Please tell where you have seen or heard
Warming-up
Warm-2
Task 2 Work in pairs. Please tell where you have seen or heard
the above slogans. Discuss with your partner and list
three places.
poster, newspaper, TV commercial, outdoor signs, etc.
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5. Text Task 1 Task 2 Business Know-how Reading A < Back Next >
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6. Reading A
Text A-1 声音 翻译
International Trade
Every time we walk into a store, restaurant, theater or any other place of business to buy something, we trade. Basically, international trade does not differ from trade with other people in our country. The key to understanding trade is to remember why it takes place. The reason people trade, regardless of where they live, is that they believe they will be better off by trading. When we consider the alternative—each of us producing everything for ourselves—trade simply makes more sense.
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7. Reading A
Text A-2 声音 翻译
The process of importing and exporting creates a greater variety of goods and services because it permits countries to specialize in what they do best. By specializing in the goods it can produce most efficiently, a country can increase production and have the opportunity to make more sales and profits. Profits can turn into increased wages for the work force and additional investment in plants and equipment. The process also provides consumers with more goods at lower prices.
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8. Reading A
Text A-3 声音 翻译
The benefits of trade can be explained using the economic principles of absolute and comparative advantage. For example, suppose there are a lawyer and a legal assistant. If it takes the lawyer less time to prepare briefs or to type letters than it does the assistant, in economic language, the lawyer has an “absolute advantage” both in preparing legal briefs and in typing letters. If we stopped here, we might be inclined to say that the lawyer should produce both, because the lawyer is better at both.
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9. Reading A
Text A-4 声音 翻译
According to comparative advantage, the lawyer should specialize in his or her strongest skill—the law, and the legal assistant—typing letters. If they do, they actually will produce more than if each of them had tried to do both tasks alone. Specializing in what they do best and then trading their products for the other things they need will make both parties better off.
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10. Reading A
Text A-5 声音 翻译
Through international trade, countries exchange goods they produce most efficiently for goods other countries produce most efficiently. The more consumers there are in the market, the greater the ability of each country to specialize in what it does best. It is important to note that both the lawyer and the legal assistant would benefit from specialization and trade. Likewise, international trade is a win-win situation for all countries that participate.
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11. Reading A
A-Trans-1
国际贸易
每当我们走进商店、餐馆、剧院或者任何别的商业场所进行消费的时候，我们就在进行交易。从根本上说，国际贸易同我们在国内进行的贸易并无差别。理解贸易的关键是牢记贸易发生的原因。不管是哪里的人，他们进行贸易的理由是因为他们相信通过贸易可以获益。当我们想想另一种选择，即我们每个人都自给自足，那么贸易的意义就更容易理解了。
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12. Reading A
A-Trans-2
通过进出口可以创造出更加多样化的商品和服务，因为各个国家都可以专注于自己最有优势的产品。一个国家通过专门生产自己生产效率最高的商品，就能提高产量，就有机会来提高销量，并增加利润。更多的利润则可转化为员工更高的工资和对工厂及设备更多的投资。进出口也会为消费者提供更多廉价的商品。
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13. Reading A
A-Trans-3
我们可以用绝对优势和相对优势的经济学原理来解释贸易带来的好处。假设有一名律师和一名法律助理，如果这个律师准备案情摘要或打印信件所花费的时间比法律助理少，那么用经济学术语来说，该律师在准备案情摘要和打印信件方面都拥有“绝对优势”。如果到此为止，我们就有可能会说这个律师两件事都应该做，因为他这两方面都更在行。
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14. Reading A
A-Trans-4
按照相对优势的原理，该律师应专注于发挥其最强项——打官司，而法律助理则应专注于打印信件。如果各取所长，他们实际的工作效率会比各自都做这两项工作要高。通过专门从事各自最擅长的事情，然后以自己的产品去换取所需，双方均可获益。
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15. Reading A
A-Trans-5
通过国际贸易，不同国家得以用自己最高效生产的产品去换取别国最高效生产的产品。市场上的消费者越多，每个国家专营自己优势产品的能力就越强。需要着重强调的是，律师和法律助理都会从专业化分工和贸易中获益。同样，国际贸易对所有参与国来说都是一个双赢的局面。
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16. e.g. The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless
Reading A
regardless of
paying no attention to
e.g. The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless
of race, religion or sex.
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17. in a better situation, especially in financial terms
Reading A
better off
in a better situation, especially in financial terms
e.g. Since my husband was made the manager, we
are better off.
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18. n. something you can choose to do or use instead of something else
Reading A
alternative
n. something you can choose to do or use instead
of something else
e.g. Is there an alternative to what you propose?
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19. to have a clear meaning and be easy to understand
Reading A
make sense
to have a clear meaning and be easy to understand
e.g. Read this and tell me if it makes sense.
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20. n. a series of actions that are done in order to
Reading A
process
n. a series of actions that are done in order to
achieve a particular result
e.g. Getting fit again has been a long slow process.
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21. v. to limit all or most of your study, business, etc. to a
Reading A
specialize (in)
v. to limit all or most of your study, business, etc. to a
particular subject or activity
e.g. Finally Alice decided to specialize in contract law.
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22. n. someone who buys and uses products and services
Reading A
consumer
n. someone who buys and uses products and services
e.g. There are a wider choice of goods for the consumers in big cities.
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23. n. something that gives you advantages or improves
Reading A
benefit
n. something that gives you advantages or improves
your life in some way
e.g. This aid program will bring lasting benefits to the
region.
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24. a. unlimited; complete; true, correct and not changing
Reading A
absolute
a. unlimited; complete; true, correct and not changing
in any situation; not in comparison with other things
e.g. 1. An absolute ruler need not ask anyone for permission to do anything.
2. A child usually has absolute trust in his mother.
3. You have an absolute right to refuse medical treatment.
4. In absolute terms wages have risen, but not in comparison with the cost of living.
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25. a. measured or judged by comparing
Reading A
comparative
a. measured or judged by comparing
e.g. After a lifetime of poverty, his last few years
were spent in comparative comfort.
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26. a. connected with or in accordance with the law
Reading A
legal
a. connected with or in accordance with the law
e.g. Mr. Smith is my legal advisor.
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27. to have a tendency or wish to do something
Reading A
be inclined to
to have a tendency or wish to do something
e.g. I am inclined to start at once.
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28. n. one of the people or groups involved in an argument,
Reading A
party
n. one of the people or groups involved in an argument,
agreement, etc.
e.g. The two parties are having difficulty agreeing with each other.
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29. v. to give something to someone and at the same time
Reading A
exchange
v. to give something to someone and at the same time
receive the same type of thing from them
e.g. I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.
n. an act of giving something to someone and receiving something else from them
e.g. Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?
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30. ad. the same; in a similar way
Reading A
likewise
ad. the same; in a similar way
e.g. Nanny put up a hat and told the girls to do likewise.
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31. v. to take part in or become involved in an activity
Reading A
participate (in)
v. to take part in or become involved in an activity
e.g. Everyone in the class is expected to participate
actively in these discussions.
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32. 1. What is the reason for people to trade?
Reading A
A-Task 1-1
Task 1 Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. What is the reason for people to trade?
The reason is that they believe they will be better off by trading.
2. Why can a great variety of goods and services be
created in the process of importing and exporting?
Because countries are permitted to specialize in what they do best and they can increase production.
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33. 3. Why can plants also benefit from international trade?
Reading A
A-Task 1-2
3. Why can plants also benefit from international
trade?
Because the profits gained from international trade can be turned into additional investment in plants.
4. What does comparative advantage refer to?
It refers to a principle that when people specialize in what they do best and then trade their products for the other things they need, they will all be better off.
5. Who would benefit from international trade?
All countries that participate.
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34. Reading A
A-Task 2
Task 2 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.
Statements
True
False
1. Trading often takes place in our daily life.
2. A country has the opportunity to make more
profits if it decreases wages for the work force and
investment in plants and equipment.
3. If a country specializes in what it produces best, it
would make fewer profits because it loses the
opportunity to sell other goods.
4. According to comparative advantage, people
should specialize in what they do best and then
trade their products for the things they need.
5. A win-win situation means that both the country
and its consumers can benefit from international trade. T F F T F
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35. Sales Promotion Methods
Business Know-how
Sales Promotion Methods
● Discount;
● Coupons (a kind of ticket that may be used
instead of money);
● Gift with purchase;
● Point-of-sale displays.
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36. Reading B
Reading B
Text
Task 1
Task 2
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37. Reading B
Text B-1 翻译
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38. Reading B
Text B-2 翻译
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39. Reading B
B-Trans-1
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40. Reading B
B-Trans-2
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41. 1. The sales confirmation is made between and Tesko Co., Ltd.
Reading B
B-Task 1
Task 1 Read NaturaJam Sales Confirmation and fill in the blanks in each of the following statements.
1. The sales confirmation is made between
and Tesko Co., Ltd.
2. The total value of the goods is (in figures).
3. The Children’s Jackets are priced at each piece.
4. The Seller agrees to sell the Buyer pieces of Men’s Jackets.
5. The Seller shall ship the clothes on
NaturaJam Co., Ltd.
USD16,500.00
USD15.00
500
5 June
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42. US DOLLARS THREE THOUSAND ONLY
Reading B
B-Task 2
Task 2 Complete the following sales confirmation with the given information.
Situation: The Seller has agreed to sell the Buyer 200 dozen SMT TOYs at
USD per dozen. The toys are to be packed in 20 cartons and
shipped on 20 Oct
经买卖双方同意成交下列商品，订立条款如下：
This contract is made by and agreed between the BUYER and SELLER, in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below: 唛头
Marks and Numbers 品名
Description of Goods 数量
Quantity 单价
Unit Price 金额
Amount
总值 Total Value
装运期
Shipment Date
K.C.T.
Sydney
1/20
200
DOZEN
USD15.00
PER
DOZEN
SMT TOY
USD3,000.00
US DOLLARS THREE THOUSAND ONLY
20 Oct. 2008
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43. Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Listening & Speaking < Back
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44. 3. A. This is their first cooperation.
Listening & Speaking
L-Task 1
Task 1 Rose Winn is discussing price with Tom Green. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A. Canada.
B. America.
C. Japan.
D. China.
2. A. By 3%.
B. By 4%.
C. By 5%.
D. By 6%.
3. A. This is their first cooperation.
B. Other suppliers’ offers are 15% lower.
C. The woman can give the man a 5% discount.
D. They finally settled the question of price.
Script
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45. Listening & Speaking
L-1-Script
Task 1 Script
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46. W: Nice to meet you, Mr. Bush. What products are you interested in?
Listening & Speaking
L-Task 2-1
Task 2 Cathy Brown is showing some products to Ryan Bush. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks with what you hear. 声音
W: Nice to meet you, Mr. Bush. What products are you interested in?
M: I’m interested in your company’s printer. Can I have a look at your printers on display first?
W: Sure. Here are our which may help you make a good decision.
M: Could you give me some idea of your prices?
W: Here is
M: Let me see. Er… it’s a little expensive. Could you give us ?
catalogs
the price list
a special discount
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47. W: I’m sorry. This is our lowest price and we can’t go any further.
Listening & Speaking
L-Task 2-2
W: I’m sorry. This is our lowest price and we can’t go any
further.
M: We’ll place a large order this time, if the price is more
favorable.
W: When you consider the quality of our products, you’ll
see our price is
M: Well, I’ll call our head office and see what they have to
say.
W: No problem. Thank you for your enquiry. If you need
any more , please call me. This is my card.
M: Thank you.
quite reasonable
information
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48. Task 3 Jim Weeks is discussing an order with Molly Smith. Listen
Listening & Speaking
L-Task 3
Task 3 Jim Weeks is discussing an order with Molly Smith. Listen
to the conversation and decide whether the following
statements are true or false. Then write key words to
support your answers.
1. Pure silk shirts are an old style for last year.
True False
2. The minimum order is 800 pieces at US＄16.
3. The man requires that the woman reduce the minimum
order to 300 pieces.
4. In the end, the woman reduces the minimum order with a
slight increase in price. √
newest style for this year √
US＄15
500 pieces √ √
Script
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49. Listening & Speaking
L-3-Script
Task 3 Script
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50. Listening & Speaking
L-Task 4
Task 4 Mr. Mailer is discussing some terms with Miss Wright. Listen to the conversation and complete Mr. Mailer’s notes.
Mr. Mailer’s Notes
a ( ) discount for an order of US＄100,000
and over in value
2. A ( ) must be signed within one month.
3. ( ) will be made within two months after the sales confirmation has been signed.
3.5%
contract
Shipment/Delivery
Script
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51. Listening & Speaking
L-4-Script
Task 4 Script
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52. Before the negotiation, you should ____________
Listening & Speaking
L-Task 5-1
Task 5 Listen to the passage twice and fill in the blanks with what you hear. 声音
Negotiating is the process by which two or more parties with different needs and goals work together to find a mutually acceptable solution to an issue. Understanding more about the negotiation process allows you to manage your negotiations with confidence and it increases ___________________.
Before the negotiation, you should ____________
clearly: determine what you want and what your bottom line would be.
the chance of success
set your goals
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53. Listening & Speaking
L-Task 5-2
During the negotiation, start by talking about something with which no one could disagree. You can recite __________ that the other party will say yes to. Give them a chance to tell you what they want. They may have an offer more favorable than you expected. If you disagree with something, state your disagreement in a ________________ way. Don’t quarrel with the other party or get into a struggle. Remember negotiation does involve compromise. Unless you can get the other party to want exactly what you want, you will have to compromise. But you don’t have to compromise your
principles.
Negotiating is a complex process but one ________________ . If you follow the tips above, you will find the process easier.
basic facts
gentle but firm
worth mastering
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54. Writing
Writing
Task 1
Task 2
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55. appointed act inform place respect
Writing
W-Task 1
Task 1 Read and complete the memo with the given words.
appointed act inform place respect
MEMORANDUM
TO: All employees
FROM: Daniel Krammer, General Manager
DATE: August 20, 2008
SUBJECT: Change of Sales Manager
I am writing to _____ you that Mr. Owen Smith, the sales manager, resigned his position on August 15, He therefore has no authority to _____ for this firm in any _____ from that date.
Mr. Leo Brown was _____ the new sales manager by the board to take the _____ of Mr. Owen Smith.
inform
act
respect
appointed
place
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56. Writing
W-Task 2
Task 2 You work in Quality Control Department. You discovered that something has gone wrong with a machine in a routine test Write a memo to Mr. Rick Smith, Quality Control Manager, to report this matter and offer a suggestion for a thorough check of the whole production line.
Sample
Memo
TO: Mr. Rick Smith, Quality Control Manager
FROM: Morgan Draper
DATE: March 18, 2008
SUBJECT: Machine Problem
In the routine test yesterday, I discovered some serious problems with a machine on the production line, which may greatly affect the quality of new products. In order to ensure the quality of the new products, I suggest a thorough check of the whole production line. I’m waiting for your permission.
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57. Mini-project
Mini
Work in groups. You work part-time in a store on campus and are asked to sell something to passers-by at a stand. Discuss with your partners and decide what product you are going to sell and demonstrate how you sell with appropriate promotion methods to your classmates. The following sample is provided for your reference.
● Work in groups;
● Refer to the sample on Page 75;
● Good time management and cooperation;
● In-class presentation.
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58. Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Language Lab < Back Next >
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59. Language Lab
LL-Task 1
Task 1 Match the words or phrases on the left with their meanings on the right.
( ) 1. opportunity
( ) 2. export
( ) 3. profit
( ) 4. exchange
( ) 5. participate
( ) 6. consumer
( ) 7. additional
( ) 8. legal
( ) 9. party
( ) 10. specialize in
a person who buys and uses goods and services
take part in
connected with the law
give special or particular attention to
send (goods) to another country for trade purposes
chance; a favorable moment
one of the people involved in an argument, agreement, etc.
money gained by trade
beyond what is usual; added
give and receive in return F E H J B A I C G D
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60. The company announced a trading ________ of $2 million for 2008.
Language Lab
LL-Task 2-1
Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases from Task 1. Change the form if necessary.
The company announced a trading ________ of $2 million for 2008.
2. Everyone in the class is expected to __________ in these discussions.
3. The price increases were passed on by the firm to the .
4. The judge’s son hopes to enter the ________ profession.
5. A(n)__________ charge is made for heavy baggage.
profit
participate
consumers
legal
additional
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61. 6. The talks will be attended by all ________ .
Language Lab
LL-Task 2-2
6. The talks will be attended by all ________ .
7. May I take this to thank you all for coming?
8. First he painting birds and later in writing
about them.
9. The battery I bought is of the wrong size—I wonder if the
shop will __________ it.
10. They ________ wheat to Russia and import silk from
Japan.
parties
opportunity
specialized in
exchange
export
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62. Task 3 Complete the sentence with following words or phrases
Language Lab
LL-Task 3-1
Task 3 Complete the sentence with following words or phrases
plus some words of your own.
alternative regardless of suppose
be inclined to according to
1. Everyone has the right to , the color of his skin.
2. I to believe that
3. If , he has no __________ but to go by plane.
live where he wants to
regardless of
am inclined to
he will agree to our plan
he wants to get to Beijing by tonight
alternative
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63. 4. the manager, there will be
Language Lab
LL-Task 3-2
the manager, there will be
your friends knew how you’re behaving here,
According to
a meeting next week.
Suppose
what would they think ?
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64. Task 4 Rewrite the following sentences after the models.
Language Lab
LL-Task 4-1
Task 4 Rewrite the following sentences after the models.
Model 1: the lawyer, less time, type letters, than the assistant
It takes the lawyer less time to type letters than it
does the assistant.
1. the manager, a whole afternoon, explain the new company
regulations
It took the manager a whole afternoon to explain the new
company regulations.
2. the government, several weeks, calm down the angry workers
It took the government several weeks to calm down the angry
workers.
3. Jimmie, a whole day, figure out the complex situation
It took Jimmie a whole day to figure out the complex situation.
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65. 1. She works hard. She makes achievement.
Language Lab
LL-Task 4-2
Model 2:
There are many consumers in the market. The ability of each country to specialize in what it does best becomes great.
The more consumers there are in the market, the greater the ability of each country to specialize in what it does best.
1. She works hard. She makes achievement.
The harder she works, the better achievement she makes.
2. There were many fans in the hall. The player felt excited.
The more fans there were in the hall, the more excited the
player felt.
3. The questions are difficult. I’m not likely to be able to answer
them.
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am able
to answer them.
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66. 1. 他们的境况比我们的好。(better off) They’re better off than we are.
Language Lab
LL-Task 5-1
Task 5 Translate the following into English using the given words or phrases.
1. 他们的境况比我们的好。(better off)
They’re better off than we are.
2. 为那件事哭泣没有意义。(make sense)
Crying for that matter does not make any sense./Crying for that matter makes no sense.
3. 据说游泳对身体健康有极大好处。(benefit)
It is said that swimming brings great benefit to our health.
4. 他认为自己的想法是绝对的真理。(absolute)
He believed his idea to be absolute truth.
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67. 5. 老师不太相信乔治的借口。(be inclined to)
Language Lab
LL-Task 5-2
5. 老师不太相信乔治的借口。(be inclined to)
The teacher wasn’t inclined to believe George’s excuse.
6. 我方何时能收到你方的确认函？(confirmation)
When can we receive your letter of confirmation?
7. 如果你能接受合同中的条款，请在此签名。(terms and conditions)
If you can accept the terms and conditions of the contract, please sign your name here.
8. 根据你方要求，现寄上衬衫样品。( in accordance with)
In accordance with your request, we are sending you the shirt
samples.
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68. 新职业英语
职业综合英语 1
ENGLISH FOR CAREERS
Thank You!
Thank you!