1. Aims 1.Outline the structural diversity of lipids. 2.Examine the biophysical characteristics of lipids. 3Outline the biochemical synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids. 4.Examine lipid transport through the body. 5.Outline the process of fatty acid beta-oxidation. 6.Compare the amount of energy from fatty acid and glucose oxidation.

2. Lipid Metabolism

3. Lipid transport TG Bile salts (emuslification) TG Fatty acids glycerol INTESTINE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELL TG Cholesterol apolipoproteins LYMPH/ BLOOD chylomicrons Lipases

4. Lipid Metabolism Digestion - Hydrolysis Reaction (Pancreatic lipases)

5. Lipid transport LIPID TRANSPORT Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins Apolipoproteins + Lipids: Cholesterol Cholesteryl esters Triacylglycerols Phospholids lipoproteins There are 4 types of lipoprotein

6. Lipid transport

7. LDL

8. Lipid transport The lipoprotein formed depends on the constituent apoprotein and lipids triglyceride apolipoprotein Chylo VLDL LDL HDL

9. LIVER Lipid transport ADIPOSEMUSCLE VLDL TG Cholesterol Cholesterol-esters TG LDL Cholesterol Cholesterol-esters TG Cholesterol CMCONS HDL Cholesterol-esters TISSUES GONADS ADRENALS lymph Fatty acids albumin

10. Lipid transport Atherosclerosis – fatty plaques in blood vessels High blood cholesterol – LDL receptor / hypercholesterolaemia see Lehninger p811 for more info. vessel occlusion – heart attack! High levels of LDL – probably bad High levels of HDL – probably good