1. < BackNext >PreviewMain Atomic Energy Preview Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

2. < BackNext >PreviewMain CRCT Preparation Chapter 16 1. Which of the following nuclear processes is occurring in the diagram? A alpha decay B beta decay C nuclear fission D nuclear fusion

3. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 1. Which of the following nuclear processes is occurring in the diagram? A alpha decay B beta decay C nuclear fission D nuclear fusion

4. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the products does not equal the total mass of the reactants. Why? A Some of the energy changes into matter when nuclei join together. B Some of the energy changes into matter when the nucleus breaks apart. C Some of the matter changes into energy when nuclei join together. D Some of the matter changes into energy when the nucleus breaks apart.

5. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 2. In a fission reaction, the total mass of the products does not equal the total mass of the reactants. Why? A Some of the energy changes into matter when nuclei join together. B Some of the energy changes into matter when the nucleus breaks apart. C Some of the matter changes into energy when nuclei join together. D Some of the matter changes into energy when the nucleus breaks apart.

6. < BackNext >PreviewMain 3. Who is credited with discovering radioactivity? A Marie Curie B Pierre Curie C Henri Becquerel D Albert Einstein Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

7. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 3. Who is credited with discovering radioactivity? A Marie Curie B Pierre Curie C Henri Becquerel D Albert Einstein

8. < BackNext >PreviewMain 4. What type of radioactive decay causes a uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234 nucleus? A alpha decay B beta decay that releases an electron C beta decay that releases a positron D gamma decay Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

9. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 4. What type of radioactive decay causes a uranium-238 nucleus to change into a thorium-234 nucleus? A alpha decay B beta decay that releases an electron C beta decay that releases a positron D gamma decay

10. < BackNext >PreviewMain 5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which material should he use? A several sheets of paper B several sheets of aluminum foil C several pieces of cloth D several centimeters of lead Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

11. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 5. Ernesto wants to build a shield that he can stand behind that will block gamma rays. Which material should he use? A several sheets of paper B several sheets of aluminum foil C several pieces of cloth D several centimeters of lead

12. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The half- life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellen’s sample after 40 minutes? A 2.5 g B 5.0 g C 13 g D 20 g

13. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 6. Ellen has a 40 g sample of nitrogen-13. The half- life of nitrogen-13 is 10 minutes. What is the mass of nitrogen-13 in Ellen’s sample after 40 minutes? A 2.5 g B 5.0 g C 13 g D 20 g

14. < BackNext >PreviewMain 7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample contains one-fourth of the original amount of the radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the isotope? A cerium-141 B niobium-95 C ruthenium-103 D strontium-89 Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

15. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 7. A scientist has a sample of an unknown radioactive isotope. After 70 days, the sample contains one-fourth of the original amount of the radioactive isotope. What is the identity of the isotope? A cerium-141 B niobium-95 C ruthenium-103 D strontium-89

16. < BackNext >PreviewMain 8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor. How do control rods work? A Control rods absorb excess uranium-235. B Control rods absorb emitted barium-142. C Control rods absorb excess energy. D Control rods absorb emitted neutrons. Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

17. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 8. A nuclear chain reaction is a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions. Chain reactions in nuclear power plants are controlled by inserting control rods in the nuclear reactor. How do control rods work? A Control rods absorb excess uranium-235. B Control rods absorb emitted barium-142. C Control rods absorb excess energy. D Control rods absorb emitted neutrons.

18. < BackNext >PreviewMain 9. Which of the following is a difference between a fission reaction and a fusion reaction? A Fission is a “clean” source of energy, but fusion produces a great amount of radioactive waste. B A fission reaction releases beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases alpha particles. C Energy from a fission reaction is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but energy from a fusion reaction is released when nuclei join. D A fission reaction requires very high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not. Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

19. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 9. Which of the following is a difference between a fission reaction and a fusion reaction? A Fission is a “clean” source of energy, but fusion produces a great amount of radioactive waste. B A fission reaction releases beta particles, but a fusion reaction releases alpha particles. C Energy from a fission reaction is released when a nucleus breaks apart, but energy from a fusion reaction is released when nuclei join. D A fission reaction requires very high temperatures, but a fusion reaction does not.

20. < BackNext >PreviewMain 10. Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary is located off the coast of Georgia. Scientists have studied fossils in the area around Gray’s Reef and have determined the age of the fossils using carbon-14 dating. Explain how carbon-14 dating works. Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

21. < BackNext >PreviewMain 10. Answer – A half-life is the amount of time needed for one-half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Scientists can measure the amount of carbon-14 in a fossil to determine how much of the carbon-14 has decayed and thus how many half-lives have passed. Scientists then multiply the number of half-lives that have passed by 5,730 years to determine the age of the fossils. Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

22. < BackNext >PreviewMain 11. Imagine that your city is planning to build a new power plant to supply electrical energy to the city. Some residents support building a power plant that uses fossil fuels. Other residents support building a nuclear power plant that will use energy from fission reactions. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages to building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant. Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation

23. < BackNext >PreviewMain Chapter 16 CRCT Preparation 11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include two advantages and two disadvantages from the following lists: Advantages of building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant include: Nuclear power plants cost less to run than plants that use fossil fuels. Nuclear power plants do not release gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. The use of nuclear power plants allows the supply of fossil fuels to last longer. Disadvantages of building a nuclear power plant instead of a fossil fuel power plant include: An accident in a nuclear power plant may release dangerous radioactive material into the atmosphere. Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste. Nuclear power plants are more expensive to build than fossil fuel power plants.