1. 广东外语外贸大学《物流学》讲义 Logistics Information Technology 第三讲 物流信息技术 主讲教师：张余华教授 物 流 管 理 学 第 12 章 国际物流 Chapter 12 International Logistics

2. 12-2 Learning Objectives To identify the reasons for governmental intervention in the area of international trade To distinguish among the unique activities of international trade specialists To examine issues involved in international air transportation To relate activities involved in international ocean transportation

3. 12-3 International Logistics Key Terms Customs house brokers Export management company Export packers Key Terms Export trading company Import quotas Incoterms 2000

4. 12-4 International Logistics Key Terms International Air Transport Association (IATA) International freight forwarders Irrevocable letter of credit Land bridge Key Terms Nontariff barrier Nonvessel- operating common carrier (NVOCC) Shippers associations Shipping conferences

5. 12-5 International Logistics Changes to political landscape affect logistics The end of Soviet rule in Eastern Europe EU economic integration Nontariff barriers-a rule that has the effect of reducing imports Restrictions on truck traffic, forcing freight onto rail and water NAFTA Multinational firms

6. 12-6 International Marketing Size or scale of firms may be different Firms selling products under their own brand are concerned about quality maintenance Consumer preferences differ International credit system is not well developed Irrevocable letter of credit

7. 12-7 Figure 12-1: Irrevocable Letter of Credit

8. 12-8 International Marketing Channels Domestic (U.S.) channels Ownership Negotiations Financing Promotions Logistics International channel additions Documentation

9. 12-9 Terms of Sale—Incoterms 2000 EX-Works (EXW) FCA (Free Carrier) FAS (Free Alongside Ship) FOB (Free on Board) CFR (Cost and Freight) CPT (Carriage Paid To) CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) DES (Delivered Ex Ship) DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) DAF (Delivered at Frontier) DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)

10. 12-10 Government Influences on Foreign Trade Government controls on the flow of international trade Customs or duties Import quotas Health inspections Safety standards Currency outflow Political or military reasons Port choice Non-trade reasons

11. 12-11 Government’s Role in International Transport International carriage is an export to the nation operating the carrier-affects balance of payments International fleets and airlines may be subsidized Large nations must protect their flag carriers’ interests

12. 12-12 International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists International Freight Forwarders Advising on acceptance of letters of credit Booking space on carriers Preparing an export declaration Preparing an air waybill or bill of lading Obtaining consular documents Arranging for Insurance Preparing and sending shipping notices and documents Serving as general consultant on export matters

13. 12-13 International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists Nonvessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC) Customs house brokers Export management company Export trading company Shippers associations Shipping conferences Export packers

14. 12-14 Figure 12-2: A Forwarder’s Export Quotation Sheet Showing Factors to Include When Determining a Price Quote

15. 12-15 Figure 12-3: A Package Marked for Export

16. 12-16 Logistics Channels in International Distribution Landward move to the port or airport in exporting country International air International ocean shipping Landward leg in importing country

17. 12-17 Movement to Port or Airport To adjacent countries, move is similar to domestic, with more paperwork To ports Use containerization Land bridge operations To airports Chartered aircraft Scheduled air carriers Integrated air carriers International Air Transport Association (IATA)

18. 12-18 Figure 12-4: Large Containers Used by International Airlines

19. 12-19 Ocean Shipping Types of Ocean Cargo Petroleum Dry-bulk cargoes-grain, ores, sulfur, sugar, scrap iron, coal, lumber, logs in vessel loads Containers Shipping conferences and alliances pool resources and extend market coverage

20. 12-20 Ocean Shipping Types of Vessels Containerships Lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels Roll On-Roll Off (RO-RO) vessels Tankers Parcel Tankers Tramps Specialized vessels

21. 12-21 Figure 12-5: A RO-RO Vessel in Jacksonville, Florida

22. 12-22 Surface Transport in Importing Countries Few foreign nations have as wide a range of modes as in the United States Transportation nationalization is higher in most countries other than the United States Ship owners are becoming involved in land transport Short sea shipping along coasts Rail gauges vary around the world

23. 12-23 International Trade Inventories May vary in small ways from country to country—products may be tailored to fit Less is needed (than in U.S.) to serve any one country Return items are impossible to accommodate Import and export quotas affect value of inventories Currency and language differences

24. Logistics Information Technology 第三讲 物流信息技术 主讲教师：张余华教授 物 流 管 理 学 Thanks for Your Cooperation