1. Introduction to the Bodies Cavities Medical Biology-Unit 3

2. ALL students will be able to…  Write a ½-1 page summary describing the major cavities of the body that includes the major organs in the cavities and which systems they are a part of.

3. Body Cavities Ventral(Front)Dorsal(Back) ThoracicAbdomiopelvic Cranial Vertebral Canal (Chest)(Belly) (Head) (Spine) brain spinal cord PleuralAbdominal Lungsstomach, intestines liver, pancreas, spleen PericardialPelvic hearturinary bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

4. Dorsal cavity Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity: contains esophagus, heart, and lungs Cranial cavity: contains brain Vertebral cavity: contains spinal cord diaphragm plurae pericardium peritoneum Thoracic cavity: contains heart, lungs, and esophagus Abdominal cavity: contains stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines Pelvic cavity: contains reproductive and other organs a. b. Abdominal cavity: contains digestive and other organs Pelvic cavity: contains reproductive and other organs Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

5. Organization of Body Cavities  The organs of the body are surrounded by membranes. These thin tissues similar to plastic bags serve as protective barriers for the organs. Each organ is “double bagged”  The parietal membrane is lining the wall of the cavity  The visceral membrane is lining the organ itself

7. Dorsal Cavity  The spinal cord and brain are contained within their own membranes to prevent infectious agents from entering the body’s control center “Spinal Taps” are necessary to determine chemical nature of spinal fluid

9. Ventral Cavity  The diaphragm separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavities.  At times, due to pressure, a breakage in the abdominal cavities wall causes a portion of the visceral organs(usually the intestines) to poke out of the cavity. This is called a hernia.

12.  Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure and function.  Tissues are classified into four main categories: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue.

13. Outside of body and lines organs and cavities; held together by tight junctions Epithelial Tissue

14. Epithelial Descriptions:  Squamous=flat  Cuboidal=cube shape  Columnar=column shape  Simple= 1 layer  Stratified= many layers  Pseudostratified= looks like a few layers, but actually only one.

18. What is it?

20.  The major types of connective tissues in vertebrates are dense (fibrous) tissue, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood. Each has a structure correlated with its specialized function. Connective Tissue

27.  Muscle cells or fibers capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses Long multi-nucleated cells  3 types of Muscular tissue:  Skeletal: voluntary movement (striated)  Cardiac: contractile wall of heart (branched striated)  Smooth: involuntary activities (no striations) Muscle Tissue

29.  Senses stimuli and transmits signals from 1 part of the animal to another  Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. 2 types of cells:  Neurons, or nerve cells, conduct nervous impulses  Neuroglia, Helper cells, support and nourish the neurons. Nervous Tissue

31. What do You Remember?  For each of the following slides, wait for Mr. Smuts to ask you what the tissue is before you answer.

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50. 11 Organ Systems NervousIntegumentary Skeletal Muscular Circulatory SystemSystem System System System

51. Top (from left to right) -Respirator y System -Digestive System -Excretory System Bottom (from left to right) -Endocrine System -Reproducti ve System -Immune System

52. Nervous System  Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All other nerves  Functions? 1.Recognizes and responds to stimulus

53. Integumentary System  Skin, hair, nails, etc.  Functions?  Protective barrier 1.Environment 2.Sunlight

54. Skeletal System  Bones, cartilage, etc.  Functions? 1.Structure 2.Support 3.Protection 4.Movement

55. Muscular System  Muscles  Functions? 1.Movement 2.Circulates Blood 3.Helps with Digestion

56. Circulatory System  Heart, blood vessels  Functions? 1.Supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients 2.Removes waste

57. Respiratory System  Nose, trachea, lungs, etc.  Functions? 1.Provides oxygen 2.Removes carbon dioxide

58. Digestive System  Mouth, stomach, intestines, etc. Accessory Organs  Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder  Functions? 1.Converts food into nutrients the cells can use 2.Eliminates waste

59. Excretory System  Kidneys, bladder, urethra, etc.  Functions? 1.Eliminates waste

60. Endocrine System  Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, etc.  Functions? 1.Growth 2.Development 3.Metabolism

61. Reproductive System  Male Urethra, testes, etc.  Female Ovary, uterus, etc.  Functions? 1.Produce reproductive cells 2.Nurture and protect developing embryo (females only)

62. Immune System  White blood cells, lymph nodes, etc.  Functions? 1.Protect from infection 2.Helps balance fluids