1. Maternal Nutrition and Diabetes Diabetes Care at the Centre October 2009

2. Page 2: Baker IDI Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases Paradigm

3. Page 3: Baker IDI Dietary changes from a hunter gatherer to Agriculture based diet

4. Page 4: Baker IDI Genotype Developmental disruption Birth phenotypeAdult phenotypeDisease risk Predictive adaptive responses Developmental plasticity Prenatal environments Postnatal environments Epigenetic change Intergenerational environmental effects Past history of population (selection, drift) Match or Mismatch

5. Page 5: Baker IDI How can intergenerational change effect epigenetic change? Dutch hunger winter studies – grandchildren of the women pregnant during the famine still showed effects of the famine. Born small – small uterus constrains growth of next fetus Female eggs in a woman’s ovaries formed and start developing when she is still a fetus – thus grandmothers environment shapes early development Mitochondrial DNA – responsible for making some of the proteins essential for the energy maintenance of all cells comes solely from the maternal line via the mitochondria in the egg, and not via the sperm (DNA transmitted directly from the grandmother to the granddaughter – grandchildren can’t control the availability of food in their environment but they can be induced to alter their metabolism to make the best use of it)–

6. Page 6: Baker IDI Epigenetics – gene environment interactions

7. Page 7: Baker IDI Epigenetics – gene environment interactions

8. Page 8: Baker IDI Mismatch model of chronic disease

9. Page 9: Baker IDI The thrifty phenotype

10. Page 10: Baker IDI Cycles of disease risk

11. Page 11: Baker IDI Endocrine regulation of Fetal Growth

12. Page 12: Baker IDI Major Outcomes

13. Smoking and Pregnancy Community Feedback 2009 (Cairns, Townsville, Perth) 21 st – 23 rd October 2009

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16. Page 16: Baker IDI Metabolic Syndrome in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth (Am J Epidemiology 2009;170:829-836) Leda Chatzi, Estel Plana, Vasiliki Daraki, Polyxeni Karakosta, Dimitris Alegkakis, Christos Tsatsanis, Antonis Kafatos, Antonis Koutis, and Manolis Kogevinas