1. The Reproductive System
Human Body Systems
The Reproductive System

2. Human reproductive system fetal development
SC.912.L Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy. (MODERATE)

3. BENCHMARK SC.912.L.16.13
Reporting Category Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems
Standard Standard 16 Heredity and Reproduction
Benchmark SC.912.L Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy.
Benchmark
Clarifications Students will identify and/or describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system.
Students will describe the process of human development from the zygotic stage to the end of the third trimester and birth.
Content Limits Items referring to the male human reproductive system are limited to the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vas deferens, urethra, epididymis, scrotum, penis, and testes.
Items referring to the female human reproductive system are limited to the ovaries, oviduct (fallopian tube), uterus, cervix, and vagina.
Items assessing the function of the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac, and amniotic fluid are limited to how these structures relate to the development of the fetus.
Items will not assess physiological or hormonal changes of the mother during pregnancy.
Items assessing the production of hormones in the context of the physiology of the human reproductive system are limited to a conceptual understanding of the production of hormones.

4. Content limits cont.
Items will not assess hormonal control during pregnancy.
Items may refer to the early stages of development (implantation, morula, blastocyst, gastrulation, neurulation) but will not assess the definition of these terms.
Items referring to changes in each trimester are limited to normal human development.
Items will not assess specific knowledge of malformations in the human fetus, miscarriages, maternal preexisting conditions, genetic conditions, or the impact of exposure to environmental conditions.
Items will not assess the utilization of technology to assist in or prevent fertilization or monitor development of the fetus.
Items will not address or assess the menstrual cycle.
Stimulus Attribute Illustrations or diagrams may be used.
Response Attributes None specified
Prior Knowledge Items may require the student to apply scientific knowledge
described in the NGSSS from lower grades. This benchmark requires prerequisite knowledge of SC.6.L.14.5.

5. Don’t assume your kids know ANYTHING (Holly story)
The McGraw –Hill Companies, Inc.

6. Male Reproductive System
Scrotum contains:
Testes
The seminiferous tubules produce sperm and testosterone
Require a low temperature
Sperm live up to 72 hrs. in a female
Epididymis - folds of tissue (700 ft long)
Lies on top of the testes
Sperm mature here with aid from helper sperm (mask the 23 chromosome sperm from immune system)
Label Power Notes
Boxers vs briefs

7. Vas deferens
Connects the external scrotum to the internal pathway.
Curves around the bladder, stores sperm, empties into the urethra
Sperm travel through this during ejaculation
Urethra
glands including the prostate gland produce a fluid that combines with the sperm to produce semen, enters here
semen flows through the urethra along with sperm during ejaculation (out the penis)

8. Female Reproductive system
(oviduct)

9. Female Reproductive System
Ovaries - pair, internal
Mature and release one egg/month
Matures in the follicles within the ovaries
Born with all the eggs a female will ever have
2 million at birth; thousand at puberty; 400 will mature and be released
Once the egg has been released by the follicles, the follicles will release hormones for child development if fertilization takes place

10. Female Reproduction Oviducts or Fallopian tubes
Feathery like projections
After ovulation (releasing of the egg) occurs, the egg enters one of the oviducts
This is where fertilization occurs as the egg only lives 6-24 hrs.
The egg can’t move so it relies on cilia that lines the duct to cause a current along with muscle contraction (cramps at ovulation)
Fertilized egg  zygote  embryo

11. This causes a hormone to be released (+ pregnancy test result)
Uterus
Embryo will embed itself in lining of uterus
This causes a hormone to be released (+ pregnancy test result)
Embryo will develop into a fetus
Uterus: 5 cm wide but expands to 30 cm
Thick walled muscular organ above the bladder
Cervix
This opening connects the vagina to the uterus
Opening is usually 1 cm wide, but during birth, expands to 10 cm
Vagina
Birth canal, site of sexual intercourse, site of menstruation – acidic for immunity reasons

12. Fetal Development The fertilized egg implants into the uterus and is nourished by the placenta and umbilical cord.
The zygote becomes a blastocyst and implants in the uterus.
blastocyst
uterine wall
Implantation of blastocyst
Holt McDougal Biology FL 2012

13. The blastocyst becomes an embryo.
Embryonic membranes protect and nourish the embryo.
amniotic sac cushions embryo.
amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac
placenta connects mother and embryo.
umbilical cord connects embryo to placenta.
placenta
umbilical cord
uterus
amniotic sac
Holt McDougal Biology FL 2012

14. FETAL DEVELOPMENT Instruction on how to make a foldable Insert info as we go through the content
Construct a six-page flip-chart
Label the exposed tabs as
First trimester
Problems in first trimester
Second trimester
Problems in second trimester
Third trimester
Problems in third trimester
Indicate the important changes that occur in each stage as we cover it in class
Research problems that can occur if the developing fetus is exposed to drugs such as alcohol or tobacco.

15. A zygote develops into a fully formed fetus in about 38 weeks.
Human pregnancies are divided into trimesters.
1st trimester: body plan and early development
Most genetic issues occur here
FOLDABLE HERE
Holt McDougal Biology FL 2012

17. 2nd trimester: fetus more active, developed
Holt McDougal Biology FL 2012

18. Second Trimester

19. After about 38 weeks, fetus is ready to be born.
3rd trimester: all organs fully formed
Holt McDougal Biology FL 2012
After about 38 weeks, fetus is ready to be born.

20. Third Trimester

21. Fetal development Interactive Developmental Time Line
Activity - Human fetal growth

22. Follow-up Q/A Board Problem solving issues in class
Additional activities:
Fetal Development sonograms by weeks