1. DO NOW Sept 16 Work with your Catapult teams.
BRAINSTORM for 10 minutes about websites and ideas you have found through your RESEARCH.
Ask yourselves which part of the project will be most challenging for you.
GET ORGANIZED!!!
DO NOW Sept 16

2. CATAPULT CHALLENGE
STEM Trimester

3. CATAPULT CHALLENGE TEAMS
You will work in your teams to complete this project.
CATAPULT CHALLENGE TEAMS

4. How to build a catapult in eight easy steps
Watch the following video documenting the tedious and very demanding process of building a medieval trebuchet.
These boxes are labeled with each step of the EDP.
How to build a catapult in eight easy steps

5. Which velocity is most important when designing a catapult?
Explain your answer.
DO NOW Sept 17

6. DO ANSWERED SEPT 17 Both Vx and Vy are equally important.
Equal horizontal and vertical velocities will provide the projectile with the maximum distance in travel.
If Vx is greater than Vy, the projectile’s trajectory will push it downward into the ground.
If Vy is greater than Vx, the projectile’s trajectory will push it upward causing it to lose energy.
How do you achieve equal horizontal and vertical velocities?
DO ANSWERED SEPT 17

7.
MEDIEVAL SIEGE

8. Take out your Measurements Worksheet and Scale Drawings
DO NOW Sept 20

9. BIG QUESTION: How can energy be used to launch a projectile?
DO NOW
1. Review Measurements and Scaling
2. Catapult Physics – Forces
3. Conclusion of Medieval Siege Video Clip
4. Catapult Teams – Presentations
AGENDA Sept 20

10. THE PHYSICS OF A CATAPULT
Catapults use stored energy to hurl a projectile without the use of an explosive charge. The three primary energy storage mechanisms are tension, torsion, and gravity. (Real-World Physics)
THE PHYSICS OF A CATAPULT

11. Tension is the pulling force exerted by a string, cable, chain, or similar solid object on another object.
Tension is the opposite of compression force.
Measured in Newtons (N).
PE when drawn or taut (C)
Energy = 0 at rest (B)
KE when released (A)
TENSION

12. Examples of Tension Bows and Crossbows
Composite bow is a traditional bow laminated together.
When the bow is drawn, the sinew (stretched on the outside) and horn
(compressed on the inside) store
more energy than wood for the
same length of bow.
Examples of Tension

13. Muscle Fibers create tension during a muscle contraction.
Muscle fibers slide
across one another
producing tension.
Examples of Tension

14. TORSION Torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque.
Torque is a rotational force.
An object tends to rotate
about a fixed object.
Torque = Force x Lever Arm Distance
TORSION

15. Torque

16. Flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted.
Torsion bar suspensions
Examples of Torsion

17. Examples of Torsion

18. A counterweight is an equivalent counterbalancing weight that balances a load.

19. When a counterweight is greatly overbalanced on one end of a lever, it can produce large amounts of energy. Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy Counterweight is not moving vs. moving.
Counterweight

20. Catapults work by storing energy in twisted ropes.
They function much like an archery bow.
The tension stored is released as kinetic energy.
The Mangonel Catapult

21. The trebuchet uses a counter-balance weight to rapidly rotate the throwing arm when the weight is released.
The Trebuchet

22. The twisted rope is commonly referred to as a torsion bundle.
It consists of several lengths of rope with the arm inserted in between them.
The rope is then twisted manually on both sides of the arm using levers.
Upon release, the torsion bundle rotates the arm at high speed, launching the payload.
Generating Energy

23. DO NOW Sept 23 List the eight steps of the EDP.
Which step do you believe is the most important to the success of your Catapult Challenge?
Explain your answer.
DO NOW Sept 23

24. DO NOW ANSWERED

25. Big QUESTION: How do the steps of the EDP assist you in building a successful catapult?
1. DO NOW
2. Project Presentations: DUE THURSDAY SEPT 26
ALL TEAMS MUST BE PREPARED TO PRESENT ANY TEAM NOT READY WILL LOSE 20% of THEIR GRADE.
3. Media Center
4. Practice your presentations!!!
AGENDA Sept 23

26. Media Center Expectations for Sept 23
1. All teams should finish their presentations first.
2. I will check with every team in the Media Center to make sure you are on task.
3. I am looking for completed presentations including diagrams, video clips, animations, as well as an order of presentation. Slides each team member will be presenting. Know your information. PRACTICE. Being unprepared will affect your grade.
4. All team members must have a copy of the presentation. Being ABSENT is NOT an EXCUSE!!!
5. Continue with your RESEARCH. BE ORGANIZED!
Media Center Expectations for Sept 23

27. You are asked to design a new touring bicycle for the US Postal Service team.
Describe how you would go about this process. Use EDP as a framework
DO NOW Sept 24

28. Find out if the riders have any specific requests (Step 1)
Determine a budget, building materials, and how quickly they need it (2).
Research existing models and share new ideas. Collect data on what works (3).
Choose a few ideas to develop. Different frame materials (aluminum, titanium, carbon fiber). Notes and drawings (4)
DO NOW ANSWERED

29. List pros and cons of each bicycle design (5).
Pick the best idea with your team. Use multiple parts from different ideas (Frame material from one idea and frame geometry from another idea 6).
Build a bike. Does it all fit together? (7)
Get out and RIDE! Make improvements based upon rider feedback, input, suggestions (8)

30. BIG QUESTION: How does engineering evolve to build safer machines?
1. DO NOW
2. Presentations DUE THURSDAY SEPT 26
3. The duty of responsible engineering
4. Introduce New Engineering Critique Project
5. Closing Thoughts and Review
AGENDA Sept 24

31. The role of the engineer is to respond to a need by building or creating something along a certain set of guidelines (or specifications) which performs a given function.
Devices, plans, or creations should perform its function without fail.
Engineering

32. Engineers must struggle to design in such a way as to avoid failure, and, more importantly, catastrophic failure.
Result in loss of property, damage to the environment, and possibly injury or loss of life.
With analysis and study of engineering disasters, modern engineering designers can learn what not to do and how to create designs with less of a chance of failure.
Engineering

33. Engineering Disasters
8:52
Engineering Disasters

34. What are the general opinions and fears of the public?
Disasters are identified by the public’s perception of risk.
Modern Engineering

35. In 1992, roughly the same number of fatalities occurred
(in the United States) in transportation accidents
involving airplanes (775), trains (755), and bicycles (722).
Public perception of risk is by far the greatest with air travel.
Perception of Risk

36. Space Shuttle Challenger
January 28, 1986
The Challenger disintegrated 73
seconds into its flight after lift-off.
All 7 crew members were killed.
Space Shuttle Challenger

37. The O-rings, as well as many other critical components, had no test data to support any expectation of a successful launch in such conditions.
The lowest safe launch temperature was confirmed at 4o degrees F.
The morning of the launch was 18 degrees F.

38. Insufficient knowledge. 36% Underestimation of influence
Insufficient knowledge % Underestimation of influence % Ignorence, carelessness, negligence % Forgetfulness, error %
Relying upon others without sufficient control % Objectively unknown situation % Unprecise definition of responsibilities % Choice of bad quality %
Other %
Conducted by the Swiss Institute of Technology, Zurich
Causes of Failure

40. BIG QUESTION: How do research and brainstorming contribute to the overall success of your catapults?
1. Finish PRESENTATIONS!!!
2. Discuss Alternate means of firing.
3. Continue on Scale diagrams and materials.
4. Check-In with each team – Ask questions, be ready to show me your progress on your diagrams and specs.
5. Homework: ENGI Disasters Topic due MONDAY
AGENDA SEPT 27

41. Alternate Means of Firing
Look into different methods of launching your projectiles.
If your first torsion design is unsuccessful, have a secondary means to create the force necessary to launch the golf ball.
How might you be able to accomplish this?
Alternate Means of Firing

42. The Mangonel Catapult

43. Develop some type of tension mechanism to accomplish this task.
Consider a Crossbow and its basic functions.
Keep in mind, you still need to work within your constraints when considering this second design.
Design it using the same materials available to you.
You will be able to make changes as you build it.
(STEP 7)
TENSION

44. What is the equation of the Pythagorean Theorem?
Question of the Day

45. Given a right triangle with side A equal to 12 inches in length and angle A equal to 60 degrees, find the length of side B.
DO NOW

46. Solving Right Triangles
Solving Right Triangles

47. Sin (theta) = b / c Cos (theta) = a / c
Pythagorean Theorem

48. http://science. howstuffworks
Watch the following video clip.
After you have watched the clip, write some pros and cons of this new engineering marvel.
Consider factors such as safety, cost, and public perception of risk.
Write down your own opinion of this technology.
DO NOW Feb 10

49. A method for propelling vessels using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts.
Electrification of the propellant (gas or water) can then be directed by a magnetic field, pushing the vehicle in the opposite direction.
MHD Propulsion

50. Magnetohydropropulsion (MHD)
Top: US Navy Testing of Rail Gun Technology
Left: Yamato 1 Seacraft and MHD Drive Engine
Magnetohydropropulsion (MHD)

51. BIG Question: How do different bridge designs affect their ultimate yield strength?
1. DO NOW
2. Bridge Design Challenge
All Teams Building Bridge Components
Remember your Constraints
3. Trimester Exam
Agenda Feb 10

52. BIG Question: How do different bridge designs affect their ultimate yield strength?
1. DO NOW
2. Bridge Design Challenge
All Teams Building Bridge Components
Remember your Constraints
3. BRIDGE TESTING on THURSDAY Feb 13
ALL TEAMS MUST BE READY!
Agenda Feb 11

53. BIG Question: How do different bridge designs affect their ultimate yield strength?
1. DO NOW
2. Bridge Design Challenge
All Teams Building Bridge Components
Remember your Constraints
3. BRIDGE TESTING TODAY!!!
ALL TEAMS MUST BE READY!
Agenda Feb 14

54. BIG Question: How do different bridge designs affect their ultimate yield strength?
1. DO NOW
2. Bridge Design Challenge
3. BRIDGE TESTING TODAY!!!
ALL TEAMS MUST BE READY!
HAND IN YOUR HOMEWORK –
Pink Handouts
Agenda Feb 17

55. Parts List Raw Materials and Fabricated Materials
Include everything you will need to assemble your catapult.
Your materials will be ordered and specced based upon this list. Be careful with measurements and triple check!!!
This list must be typed – NO EXCEPTIONS
Parts List

56. Parts List Requirements
1. Each Part required for your catapult design must be sketched out to scale (to fit on the paper).
Each Part must include all specifications (length, width, etc).
2. Include a list of the total amount of hard parts you require for your project.
This list will be used to order all of the parts for your catapult.
Parts List Requirements

57. Parts List For example: 2 pieces of 1” x 2” wood 36 inches in length
2 (18 inch) 2” x 2” pieces of wood with 45 degree cuts at the two ends.
Parts List

58. The problem you are faced with solving is the launching of a projectile for maximum damage over a very short distance. You will be using a catapult to achieve this goal. The ideal angle of launch to achieve this is
A. 45 degrees
B. 60 degrees
C. 30 degrees
D. 85 degrees
Question of the Day Feb 17

59. DO NOW Watch the following video clip.
Write down factors that engineers and architects must be aware of and consider in the design and assembly process of a skyscraper.
DO NOW

60. BIG Question: How do different bridge designs affect their ultimate yield strength?
1. DO NOW
2. Engineering Marvels
World’s Tallest Buildings
HAND IN YOUR HOMEWORK –
Pink Handouts
Agenda Feb 18

61. Criteria introduced in 1996 to end the dispute between the Willis Tower and the Petronas Towers located in Chicago, Il.
1.Height to Architectural Top (including spires and pinnacles, but not antennas, masts or flagpoles). This measurement is the most widely used and is used to define the rankings of the 100 Tallest Buildings in the World.
2.Highest Occupied Floor
3.Height to Top of Roof (omitted from criteria from November 2009 onwards)
Tallest Buildings

62. Tallest Buildings The Burj Khalifa 2722 ft or 829.8 m
Completed in 2010
Mixed Use
One World Trade Center 1776 ft or 521 m
Office
Princess Tower 1358 ft or 414 m
Residential
Tallest Buildings

63. Tallest Buildings

64. Building the World’s Tallest Hotel
Complete the Megastructures Question Set as you watch the video.
Building the World’s Tallest Hotel

65. Which step of EDP involves the incorporation of multiple ideas into a final design?
A. STEP 2
B. STEP 5
C. STEP 6
D. STEP 7
Question of the Day

66. Which step of EDP involves the incorporation of multiple ideas into a final design?
A. STEP 2 (Constraints and Criteria)
B. STEP 5 (Explore Possibilities)
C. STEP 6 (SELECT AN APPROACH)
D. STEP 7 (Build a Model Prototype)
ANSWER

67. AGENDA OCT 12 1. Modern Marvels – Building a super structure.
Big Question: How does engineering allow man to constantly build bigger and better structures?
1. Modern Marvels – Building a super structure.
Finish Video Clip/Question Set
Due upon completion of video
2. QUIZ on The Responsibilities of an Engineer
Public Perception of Risk
3. Engineering Disasters Critique
DUE FRIDAY OCT 18 (On webpage)
Requirements also posted
Be sure that your disaster meets all of the criteria for the project before you start writing.
AGENDA OCT 12

68. AGENDA OCT 11 1. Modern Marvels – Building a super structure.
Big Question: How does engineering allow man to constantly build bigger and better structures?
1. Modern Marvels – Building a super structure.
Finish Video Clip/Question Set
Due upon completion of video
2. Media Center VHS Room
3. Engineering Disasters Critique
DUE FRIDAY OCT 18 (On webpage)
Requirements also posted
Be sure that your disaster meets all of the criteria for the project before you start writing.
AGENDA OCT 11

69. BIG Question: How does EDP affect the success of your catapult/trebuchet?
1. All teams working on energy mechanisms.
Notify me of any materials you still require!!!
Bring in materials from home.
2. Project Testing to begin on Wednesday
3. Final Reflection on Friday Mar 7
4. Trimester 2 ends on Friday Mar 7
AGENDA Mar 3