1. REHABILITATION DEFINITION: Economic recovery for those whose livelihood was affected by the project. (categorization of loss) AIM: To restore pre-project status as quickly as possible

2. A S S E T A C C U M U L A TI O N 0 yrs.5 yrs 10 yrs. Pre-move Re-establishement Move Recovery STAGESTAGE “Normal” Trajectory Trajectory after resttlement but without rehabilitation INCOME AND ASSET ACCUMULATION WITH AND WITHOUT RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION Trajectory after resttlement with rehabilitation

3. INCOME GENERATION 1. THE SINGLE MOST COMPLEX PROBLEM 2. EVEN IN RURAL (AGARIAN) AREAS 30 -40% OF TJHE POPULATION MAY WORK IN CRAFTS & SERVICES 3. PEOPLE MUST WANT TO BE ENTREPRENEURS 4. MARKETS MUST EXIST 5. BEGIN EARLY; DO A NUMBER OF INITIATIVES

4. RESTORE INCOMES (REHABILITATION) 1. LAND - FOR - LAND 2. NON - AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES

5. LAND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOP LAND BEFORE RESETTLING “OUSTEES” EXAMPLES 1. CHINA: CITRUS PLANTATIONS ESTABLISHED 7-10 YEARS BEFORE MOVE 2. INDONESIA (TRANSMIGRATION): PLOTS PLANTED WITH BANANA & PAPAYA 6-8 MONTHS BEFORE MOVE

6. REHABILITATION OPTIONS 1. LOCAL PREFERENCE IN HIRING DURING CONSTRUCTION 2. LOCAL PREFERENCE IN HIRING CONTRACTORS FOR PLANT FUNCTIONS (LANDSCAPING, JANITORIAL SERVICES) 3. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FOCUS ON LOCAL RESOURCES & DEMAND (CAGE AQUACULTURE; FOOD STUFFS) 4. INFORMAL SECTOR LOCAL PRODUCTION, SERVICES 5. SMALL-FIRM EMPLOYMENT 6. GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AGRICULTURE TRAINING, CREDIT, MARKETING

7. LOCAL HIRING PREFERENCE 1. CONTRACTOR STUFF: * 10-20% OF WORKFORCE 2. 80-90% WORKFORCE: LOCAL * HIRE WITHIN 60 KM RADIUS * PLACE BY SKILL, APTITUDE * TRAIN ON-THE-JOB * PROVIDE LITERACY, NUMERACY PROGRAMS * PROMOTE FROM WITHIN 3. ADVANTAGES * CREATE SKILLED LOCAL LABOR * REDUCE INFLUEX OUTSIDE WORKERS * REDUCE PRESSURE ON LOCAL ECONOMY * REDUCE CULTURAL/ETHNIC TENSIONS * REDUCE ECONOMIC BUST AFTERWARDS

8. B. LONGER-TERM EMPLOYMENT 2. DOMESTIC MARKETS a. FISHERIES -- ICEO SHIPMENTS TO CITIES (GHANA) b. LOCAL MARKET GOODS & SERVICES DIVERSE RANGE OF GOODS & SERVICESDEPENDS ON LEVEL OF REGIONAL ECONOMY DEMAND WILL BE LIMITED, SO FEW ADDITIONAL CRAFTSMEN REQUIRED TRAINING IMPLICATION: FEW PEOPLE FOR A LARGE NUMBER OF SKILLS MECHANICAL SKILLS OFTEN MOST USEFUL (MEXICO)

9. PISCICULTURE 1. ALL LOCAL EMPLOYMENT * FISHERMEN * SMOKERS * SELLERS/PEDLARS 2. TAKES ADVANTAGE OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES 3. ADVANTAGES: * NEAR-TERM * LITTLE OR NO TRAINING NECESSARY * SMALL CREDIT PROGRAM * SUSTAINABLE

10. POSSIBLE NON-LAND EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS LAND NON- LAND IMMEDIATE FUTURE SCHOOLS FARM NON-FARM LIVESTOCK POULTRY DAIRY BEES PISCICULTURE CRAFTSMARKETING TRANSPORT FISHING ICE-MAKING BASKET POTTERY IRONWORK CARPENTRY WEAVING RUGS TAILORING COBBLER BAKING SHOPS STALLS TRUCKS BUSES EXTENSION INPUTS CREDIT VOC TRAINING CREDIT MARKETS (DOMESTIC OR EXPORT) STOCK CREDIT VEHICLE MECH SKILLS

11. REHABILITATION OPPORTUNITIES BY ECONOMIC AREA ECONOMIC AREAEMPLOYMENTEXAMPLE LOCAL REGIONAL NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL LOW LOW => MIDDLING POTENTIALLY HIGH SHOPS CRAFTS REPAIRMENT DAIRY, CHEESE SMALL FACTORY FISHERY TOURIST CRAFTS RUGS SPECIAL FURNITURE

12. HOW TO RESTORE INCOME-EARNING CAPACITY 1. PLAN CAREFULLY (INPUTS, TRAINING, CREDIT) 2. MAXIMIZE PARTICIPATION AND CHOICE 3. ACCESS NGO’S AND OTHER AGENCIES 4. BUDGET ADEQUATELY

13. CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING REHABILITATION OPERATIONS 1. DYNAMISM OF AREAL ECONOMY (ISOLATED AREAS : FOCUS ON PLANT NEEDS) 2. PEOPLE’S EXPERIENCE, ABILITIES 3. USE CONTRACTS (DIRECT HIRING : A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD) 4. ENLIST ASSISTANCE OF QUALIFIED AGENCIES (NGO’S; GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS) 5. EXTANT OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY -- THE UNANSWERED QUESTION

14. NON-AGRICULTURAL SOLUTIONS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE -- ROADS, ELECTRICITY, SCHOOLS -- MUST BE IN PLACE” A. SHORT - TERM EMPLOYMENT PROJECT CONSTRUCTION JOBS B. LONGER-TERM EMPLOYMENT 1. INTERNATIONAL MARKETS a. EXPORT GOODS e.g. RUGS (INDIA) b. TOURISM

15. Artisanal and Production* (by village or neighborhood; and in total)

16. INCOME GENERATION SCHEMES A. PROJECT CONSTRUCTION (TURKEY) B. AGRICULTURE * FISH CULTIVATION (INDONESIA) C. NON-LAND * SERVICES/ PRODUCTS FOR PLANT * CONTRACTOR GROUPS * INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISES * MICRO- ENTERPRISES D. GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS

17. KEY POINTS 1. NOT ONE PERSON = ONE JOB 2. INCLUDE EVERYONE ELIGIBLE 3. BUILD ON LOCAL SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE 4. OPPORTUNITIES DEFINED BY LEVEL OF REGIONAL ECONOMY (TYPES) 5. DON’T FLOOD MARKET (NUMBER)