1. THE WRITING PROCESS: Prewriting & Drafting Plagiarism & Citing Sources
The University Writing Center, Texas A&M University
“Plagiarism and the Proper Use of Sources” Harvard University

2. Plagiarism: Defined & Explained
When a student uses facts or ideas originating with others, he must make clear what is his/hers and what is not his/hers.
Failure to make such a distinction is to be guilty of offering as one’s own what is in fact someone else’s (plagiarism).
Source: BCS Handbook

3. Plagiarism: Types Direct Plagiarism Uncited Paraphrasing
A phrase or passage is copied word for word, but not placed within quotation marks
Uncited Paraphrasing
Rephrasing another person's work without citing the source
Incorrect Paraphrasing
Only changing a few words
Insufficient Acknowledgement
The author's work is cited once, but you continue to use his/her words without additional citations

4. Plagiarism: Consequences
Class “B” Offense
Examples of Class “B” Offense’s are: cheating, fighting, stealing, vandalism, plagiarism
Consequences
In-school suspension with possible service hours
Mrs. Lee: Grade of zero on Research Paper
Source: BCS Handbook

5. Plagiarism: Consequences
Texas A&M University
Fail the assignment
Fail the course with a grade of XF
Indicates failure due to academic dishonesty
Dismissal from the University
Have a record on your transcript that indicates you committed an act of academic dishonesty
Many potential employers will check your college transcripts

6. Plagiarism: Consequences
t.u.
F in the course
Suspended or permanently expelled
A disciplinary record that may impact future jobs
Baylor
Suspended or expelled

7. Plagiarism: How to Avoid It
CITE ALL SOURCES
Parenthetical citations
Works Cited Page
How???
Direct Quotes
Paraphrasing

8. Direct Quotes: Three Parts
Monarchs sheltering in central Mexico provide a memorable spectacle as they “flutter their wings in a synchronistic movement” (Herrera 58).
Tag
Quote
Source

9. Direct Quotes: Tags
Tags: they lend credibility and help prove your point
Use strong verbs that guide your reader such as argues, agrees, or illustrates.
Example: Lloyd Benson, veteran lead dispatcher for the Dixie National Forests, claims “forest fires can frequently be predicted with careful attention to weather conditions” (Smith 15).

10. Direct Quotes : No Dumping
Dumped quote: a quote placed in your writing without a tag. It just sits there, and the reader doesn’t know why you’ve added it.
Many people mistakenly believe that the residents of homeless shelters are lazy and unmotivated. “Most people in homeless shelters are suffering from mental illnesses.”
Many people mistakenly believe that the residents of homeless shelters are lazy and unmotivated. According to a recent study by Daniel Moriarty, a Stanford psychologist, “Most people in homeless shelters are suffering from mental illnesses.” 

11. Direct Quotes : Guided Practice
Author: William Wordsworth, British poet from the early 1800s
Topic: Romantic poetry
Quote: “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”
Author: William Wordsworth, page 263
Tag
Quote
Source
William Wordsworth, a major 19th century British poet, stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).

12. Paraphrasing Always cite anything you paraphrase!!
A good paraphrase doesn’t simply substitute a few words. It rewrites the passage.
A successful paraphrase will:
Change word order or sentence structure
Eliminating jargon or wordiness
Simplify the original
Use synonyms for key terms

13. Paraphrasing: Example
Quotation from Kennedy’s inauguration
“And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”
Successful Paraphrase
In his inaugural address, President Kennedy implored Americans to put aside their personal interests in order to work for the common good of the nation.

14. Paraphrasing: Guided Practice
“Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.”
Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976):
In research papers, students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

15. Exception: Common Knowledge
Widely known facts generally count as common knowledge and do not need to be cited
The molecular structure of water is H2O
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the US

16. Follow the Writing Process (review)
Prewriting
Thesis, Brainstorming, Outlining, Gathering Sources
Drafting
Getting words on the page
Don’t worry about grammar and style at first
Revising
Reorganize, add/delete, check for tone and style
Editing
Check for grammar, punctuation, MLA formatting
Publishing
Turnitin.com

17. THE WRITING PROCESS: Prewriting & Drafting Plagiarism & Citing Sources