1. S H A R I N G T H E P A S T DEBATING THE PRESENT C R E A T I N G T H E F U T U R E Labour Market Participation of Women in the Netherlands Antia Wiersma Manager Knowledge Development & Policy Advice

2. Labour Market Participation in 2012* Men (20-65 yrs) 79% full time81% Women (20-65 yrs) 65% full time26% ( Average percentage of labour market participation of women in Europe is 58.5) *At least 12 hours per week employed Facts & Figures

3. Labour Market Participation in 2011 Men with only elementary school:63 % with university degree:88 % Women with only elementary school: 33% with university degree: 82% Facts & Figures

4. Average number of hours per week in 2011 Men 38.2 Women 26.4 Facts & Figures

5. Explanations for labour market participation of women in The Netherlands - availability and affordability of day care - possibility of family leave - part time labour possibilities Facts & Figures

6. Further look into: 1. Women in management/senior positions 2. Economically dependent women Facts & Figures

7. Women in management/senior positions in 2011 Corporate Boards Top 25 companies11.7% Top 100 companies10.2% Not for profit sector30.0% Non-profit sector32.0% (National) government26.0% Universities (professors)15.0% Facts & Figures

8. Measures to engage more women in senior positions Corporate Boards * Law Kalma – target 30% women on boards by end of 2015 Government * Government declaration – target 30% women by end of 2016 Universities * Affirmative action by several universities (Groningen, Delft) Facts & Figures

9. Economic Independence Definition: Individual net income derived from work or entrepreneurship of at least 70 % of net minimum wage (for 2011 € 880 per month) Men (20-65 yrs)74% Women (20-65 yrs)52% Facts & Figures

10. Economic dependent women 48% of women are not economically independent net pay is lower than € 880 per month and/or they depend on a third party for (at least part of) their income * partner * family members * government (benefits from social security) Facts & Figures

11. Reasons for women not to work or less than 12 hours per week 1. Illness/unability to work due to illness 2. Caring for family/relatives 3. Early retirement 4. Educational reasons Facts & Figures

12. (Perceived) Obstacles for women with a small job or no job at all 1. Work takes up time that should be used for family/relatives 2. Negative associations with day care (motherhood doctrine) 3. Traditional views on role of women (at the home, raising children) 4. Insecurity about one’s own capacities 5. Doubts about job possibilities in general 6. Driven by their external surroundings, not by internal motives 7. Limited knowlegde of existing possibilities and regulations Facts & Figures

13. Who are these women? 1. Group who really does not want to work 2. Group who really wants to work but does not know how to get a job 3. Group with low self esteem 4. Group of women who think no harm to step out of the labour process for a few years Facts & Figures

14. Eigen Kracht / One’s own strength - government policy since 2011 - aim to enlarge labour participation of low educated women - 22 (large) municipalities/cities participate - several studies and projects – also done by Atria - Table of One project by Women Inc Facts & Figures

15. Table of One - organized by network organization called Women Inc and local partners - funded by national government/Ministery of Education, Culture & Science - in 13 cities in The Netherlands *5 meetings *2 hours each * once a week * 7 women per table and one table buddy * 7 questions per meeting - too early for any results Facts & Figures

16. WWW.ATRIA-KENNISINSTITUUT.NL @ATRIANIEUWS WWW.TALKTOALETTA.NU ANTIA WIERSMA A.WIERSMA@ATRIA-KENNISINSTITUUT.NL +31 – 20 -30 31 508